Research On Marx Human Rights Thought

Abstractly speaking, as one of the natural and social rights, human rights represent the dignity and value of human being, which is recognized as one kind of important thought by the whole human society. As to the present China, being a fundamental component of the Chinese stylized socialism theory, the theory of human rights has been a common sense for most Chinese.About the question of how to understand the intrinsic relations between human rights and Marx Philosophy, there still exist serious differences among the theorists. In historical ways, these differences reflect through two kinds of different academic tendencies: One is mainly shown in the past, people regarded Marx's critique on bourgeois human rights as simple repel to the human rights, thus thought the human rights were only "the patent" of the bourgeoisie. Therefore, they regarded human rights as the un-related concept with Marx Philosophy. While the other tendency is mainly shown in the present time, people regard Marx's critique on human rights as the kind of critique on some special bourgeois human rights theory. In this way, people not only regard the human rights as the righteous interpretation for Socialism, but also describe the human rights as the final direction of Marx Philosophy. In this essay writer's opinion, the above two tendencies are both results of misunderstandings towards Marx human rights thought. Marx has never denied the human rights abstractly, on the contrary, he believed, that the Human rights were once upon the weapon for revolution. But, at the same time, human rights are also the critical object and the historic right which needs to be dispelled. Marx's social ideal is "Community of Freeman", but not "Utopia of Human Rights ".As to how to understand the critical theory of human rights in Marxism, the author discussed the theoretical prerequisites for human rights theory in Marxism, the history trace for the critical theory of human rights in Marxism, the present interpretation of thought of human rights in Marxism and its modern implication. Then the author argues that the critical theory of human rights in Marxism should be looked as a theory sublets the Western human rights theory, which means it neither a simple negation, nor a simple simulation.By critique on the theoretical prerequisites for Marxism, which includes the foundation for the modern western human rights theory, the related methodology, the typical arguments, etc., the author tires to display the concept of natural person argued by Western human rights scholars by cutting off the history background and the real life, to display abstractness of human rights based on natural reasonableness ( Lock,Rousseau ),a priori reasonableness(Kant)or absolute reasonableness(Hegel), to display the emptiness of the Western theory based on general equalization and the individual freedom, to display the metaphysics methodology by using social contract to harmonize the nature and history, the individual and society and the so on. All the falsity and narrowness in the Western human rights theory are all originated from the private-owned model. By analysis on the history trace of the human rights theory in Marxism, the author tries to show the attitude from believing to suspicion, and then to rethinking. During the "Rhine" period, to a large extent that Marx did agree the Western human rights theory. Dating from the period of Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law, basing on Practical Humanism, Marx began his own rethinking about the human rights by criticizing the civil society and deconstruction of the politics, devoting to criticizing those scholars who are for the Western human rights. In his masterpieces "Economics and Philosophy in 1844 manuscript" and "Holy Family", through analysis the politic economics which is the base of civil society, by discovering the secret and essence of private-owned property, Marx explored the nature and history of human rights further. In "Outline of Feuerbach" and "German Ideology", Marx innovated on a new worldview, i.e., practical materialism, which could provide most reliable foundation for demolishing the metaphysics of human rights theory in modern times.Arguing from the interpretation of human rights theory in Marxism, the author tries to display the basic arguments by which Marx sublated the Western human rights theory, including the following points, the setting up of practical ideology, the essence of social life is practice, etc Marx used the real practice to be his theoretical foundation, rather than abstract mental work(Hegel)or alienating work(those politic ecumenicists). Marx also criticized the ideology such as freedom and equalities thoroughly. By doing so, Marx sublated the contradiction between nature and society, the individual and society, which means he took the liberation of mankind to be his final end.Borrowing valuable lessons from Marxism, the author argues that we should make the best use of the instrumental value of human rights thought. Any rights should keep pace with the development of the social economic and culture. During the construction of Chinese stylized socialism, the instrumental value of human rights should be admitted. By doing so can we set up a correct human rights thought and a Chinese stylized human rights system so as to get preparation for the liberation of humankind.