| Part I The immigration of Korean and the formation of Korea nationality inChinaThe Korea nationality is one of the 56 nationalities in China. Characterized by migrant culture, the Korean opened up large areas of wasteland in Northeastern China, and created their happy life there. As the reforming and opening to the world, in China, the Korea nationality goes into a new era of opportunities and challenges.The large scale of immigration of Korean into China began at around the middle 19th century. Partly caused by the invasion of Japan to Korea, and partly by the natural calamities those years, and partly by the ban lift of Qing government in the boundary, large population of Korean immigrated into Northeastern China In 1910, the movement of so called "Unity of Korea and Japan" strengthened the flow of immigration of the Korean, meanwhile Japan, by the colonist policy to Korea, implemented a compelling immigration among Korean. As a result, at 1920's, the population of Korean in Northeastern China reached around 460 thousand, while by 1945 when Japan surrendered, the statistic in this area has reached up to 1.7 million. The Korean in China has become a nationality minority, and on 3, September, 1952, they set up their autonomy region named as Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture of Chaoxian Nationality.Part II The Chaoxian nationality (Korean) in China the unified and multiplenationalities countryAfter the declaration of "The Korean in Manchu is one of the nationalities in China " in the 6th Congress of CPC (Communist Party of China) in 1928, on December, 1948, the Yanbian Committee of CPC declared that, "the Korea inhabiting in Yanbian region is recognized as one nationality minority in China and this region is one part of People's Republic of China".The Korean in China have greatly contributed in China's revolution and construction. After the 9.18 accident in 1931, more than 90 percent of communist parties in Manchu, more than 80 percent of soldiers of the people's revolutionary army in Yanbian region, and more than 95 percent of guerrillas were Korea. Hundreds of thousands Korean contributed themselves in the 14 years of anti-Japanese war, while afterwards, in the War of Liberation, about 63 thousands Korean in northeastern China joined the liberation army. And even more, in the exploration of farmland, natural resources, the Korean have also made great contribution.The identification of Chinese citizen among Korean began with two reasons. First, the principle of "one state one party" formulated by the Communist International. According to this principle, the Korean communist party members in Manchu joined the CPC in personal capacities. After the Japanese vanquish in 1945,700 thousands Korean among that of 1.7million in China came back to their homeland, with one million staying in China as Chaoxian nationality. The second reason was that the Korean in China naturalized in China after the settlement of the social status of Korean with the core of nationality and citizen right.Part in The differentiation and changes of Chaoxian nationality in socialtransformation in ChinaIn China, with the reform and open to the world policy, some changes have happened in the economical structure of Chaoxian nationality. In rural areas, the managerial authority on field was distributed again to each family. The enthusiasm was aroused with the increase of prices of agricultural products. The total income of farmers in 1999 was nearly 3 times than that of 1984, with different income resources such as transportation, the catering trades, and service trades. In urban areas, in the process of structural adjustment of industry and stat-owned enterprises, because of the reward mechanism to remote private enterprises, the gross value of industrial output in 1999 reached up to 21 times than that of 1981.The increase of Korea population in China slowed down to the stage of old aged, hi 1953, the population of Korean in China was around 1.12 million (which covers 0.193% of the total population of China), wh... |
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