The Research On Local Organization Under County Of Qing Dynasty

The research on local organization under county of Chinese feudalistic society attracted academe's attention in recent years,because the theme relate to the deep subject of Chinese society. Chinese scholar's researching on the theme of Qing dynasty had been raised since the 1980s. The books and thesis of various points of view was presented more and more. Scholar's researching not only related the process,framework,function of the local organization,but also to the deep subject of Chinese society,like the relationship between villages and the state of county,the development of China's society.In this thesis,I would like discussing the evolvement of the local organization in Qing dynasty,and it's structure,function,operation and relations of the grass root society. My main point of views is as below.In the early days when Qing dynasty was established,the attempt that resume the organization of Li-jia was baffled. Li-jia system can not be adapted to society and emerged malpractice,in the short period From the investigating of registered permanent residence to the memorial to the throne that contributed by Ke Song The development of commodity economy,increasing and transferring ot population,field exchanging and grabbing by landlord,and the pauperization ot peasantry,all the factors that came forth in late Ming dynasty disorganized Li-jia system. This status was continued in initial stages of Qing dynasty'. It disturbed royalty's revenue and peace of society.The innovation of revenue system influenced the local grass root organization. Qing government abandoned die way that governs the country by Li-jia system,and Li-jia organization was substituted by Bao-jia. The significance of this transformation is that state power extends to village. In the late Qing dynasty the village became the basic unit. The state power rule the countryside through the quasi-official (Baozhang and Jiazhang),and the power was strengthened.The local archives of Baodi and Huolu County show us the real status of village organization in Qianlong and Jiaqing period. The Baojia system that Qing government requested was executed in these two counties. Baojia that bore the line of duty appeared in country of China in the late Qing. The organization was divided into two degrees,Xiang (several villages) and Cun (village). The functionaries of villages took the responsibility' assuring each other.