The History Of Researching On German Ideology In China

The history of researching belongs to the category of history."The History of Researching on German Ideology in China"is to have been studied strictly according to the chronological style of historical research, and to have systematically researched on the textual criticisms, historical readings, historical views, and historical practice concerning German Ideology."The History of Researching on German Ideology in China"was divided into four different periods of the history.In"Introduction", I interpreted the title"The History of Researching on German Ideology in China"primarily with the methodology of hermeneutics. As classical text of Marxism, German Ideology is a work co-authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels at the period of from November 1845 to the summer of 1846, by which they cleaned up the conscience of their own previous philosophy; mainly aimed at the German modern philosophy represented by Feuerbach, Bauer and Stirner, as well as German schools of socialism represented by all kinds of the prophets at the time; acclaimed as the foundation-laying work of new horizon of Marxist philosophy. In accordance with the history of Marxist Sinicization and according to the principle of the unity of history and logic, I have divided"The History of Researching on German Ideology in China"into four successive stages:"The Period of the Republic of China"(i.e. RC)(1930-1949),"The 17 Years after the Establishment of the People's Republic of China"(i.e. PRC)(1949-1966),"The Period of the Suffered Setback"(1966-1978),"The New Period of Reform and Opening-up"(1978-).The research that the situations of translation, annotation, description, interpretation, innovation and practice of German Ideology have been studied in the style of the history of research cleared the nature and characteristics of its research, exposed the objects and methods of its research, made the purposes and meaning of its research bright, and caused the exceeding and innovation of its research distinct.During"RC"(1930-1949) the research of German Ideology as a whole is in the stage of the translation and interpretation. Generally speaking, though the academic and political circles had known the cognitive defects of the translation and interpretation of the mode of Soviet dogma to German Ideology, they still was limited in the its disciplinary system and theoretical framework, so that they had not historically reduced and reproduced the interpretation mode of the Marx's textual reading, and had not made theoretical innovation with independent intellectual property rights. During this period, the disseminated classics of Marxism in China were mainly the works of Engels and the Marxist classics which had been interpreted by Soviet scholars, and yet some paragraphs of German Ideology, which reflects the new vision of Marxist philosophy, had not been translated into Chinese by GAO Yu-han, YANG Dong-chun, NING Dun-wu, and QUAN Lin until 1930s; the first chapter of German Ideology had not been translated in part into Chinese until the late 1930s and the early 1940s, of course, there were some introductions and preliminary research on German Ideology from some scholars sensitive to academy. German Ideology, however, was not included into the classic series; on the contrary, it was incorporated into philosophy textbook of the system of Soviet Union in order to read and interpret it. Mao Zedong Thought as the greatest theoretical achievements of Marxist Sinicization at this period is actually to become the theoretical leap of Marxist Sinicization to understand Marx from Soviet Union Interpretation mode. From the historical perspective, we should acknowledge that the Marxism with Soviet Union Interpretation mode is significant to realize the major themes of the national independence and liberation, but we should also be aware that Soviet Union Interpretation mode is of some historical limitations because of its highly lifting philosophy of struggle, as led to the tragic result of class struggle magnification in the real practice.During"The 17 Years after the Establishment of PRC"(1949-1966) the translation of German Ideology was from scattered, fragmented, non-systematic condition to centralized, organized and systematic condition. Generally speaking, as the successful experiences of Soviet Union socialism further strengthened the Soviet Union Interpretation mode, the translation, interpretation and study of German Ideology were further dogmatized; the interpretation of Marxist works with independent intellectual property rights also had come to deadlock helplessly. The research only was a kind of theoretical application which understood the spirit of the classic combining with their reality, and had not yet advanced to the real level of academic research. During this period, under the exemplary effect of the Soviet socialist model, the Chinese have chosen Stalin's Version Marxism known as highly centralized political and economic system. The vol.3 of the Chinese version of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels, which took the second Russian version as the copy, was fixed the dominant version. This version played an important role in popularizing and disseminating Marxist ideology, but it was looked up to one version as the highest authority, so as to lead the backward of the research of German Ideology. The interpretative research was incorporated into the frame system and interpreting mode of the Soviet Union philosophy textbooks"Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism". The Frame system and interpreting mode advanced the popularization, simplification, and systematization to a certain extent, but that principle of party spirit was politicized, thus the academic research had become political denunciation; academic criticism had become political criticism; and academic contention had become political movement, therefore these not only resulted in the class struggle magnification in academic field, but also has brought immeasurable negative impact in the practice of Marxist Sinicization.During"The Period of the Suffered Setback"(1966-1978) the research of German Ideology was in the state of alienation. During the 10 years of Cultural Revolution the translations of Marxist classics have been given a heavy political task. The vol.3 of the Chinese version of the Complete Works of Marx and Engels was looked up to one version as the highest authority, and was partly indexed into the Selected Works of Marx and Engels. It played an important role in consolidating the dominant position of Marxist ideology, but also further widen with the foreign literature research of German Ideology. There were only learning Research such as Brief Introduction, Thematic Compilation, and Quotations in the research of German Ideology. The learning Research was linked with the movements of Learning and Applying Philosophy, played an important role in popularizing the theory and method of Marxism; but broad masses of workers and peasants lacked basic philosophical foundation, and yet resulted in misreading to German Ideology. Of course, the negative effect of Research on the practices of Marxist Sinicization is very obvious. During Post-Cultural Revolution, with the atmosphere of political freedom, the different versions of German Ideology have begun to be introduced into Domestic, thus opened the prelude of the literature research and excavating research under the traces of Cultural Revolution.During"Reform and Opening-up"(1978-) bibliography, text Interpretation and thinking was united in the research of German Ideology, so this made it from understanding research up to excavating research. Generally speaking, the research of German Ideology had made historical changes from the dogmatic mode of Soviet Union Interpretation to the interpretation mode of Marxist textual reading, made the many results of the theoretical innovation of Marxism, and produced the interpretation mode with independent intellectual property rights. In the field of translation, there are many of part or full version of translations such as Chinese versions of manuscript fragment of chapter.1 of German Ideology translated by Bana, separate Chinese edition of chapter.1 Feuerbach of German Ideology according to the new German version, abridged Chinese version of German Ideology, Hiromatsu version of German Ideology which edited newly and so forth. In the field of research on literature, there was bibliographic research which had important significance in defining the Marxist classics; there was documentary textology whose tasks were assigning correction, collection recovery and translation revision; and there was science of documentary edition which had made progress in clarifying origin of version, combing history of version, being compared to version and making evaluation to version. In the field of textual interpretation, there mainly was textual interpretation about Feuerbach of German Ideology whose interpretive mode from Soviet Union Interpretation to Western Interpretation to Marxist Interpretation. There was textual interpretation about San Bruno, which key is interpreting critical philosophy of self-awareness, which understood the premise of criticizing Feuerbach. There was textual interpretation about Saint Max, which textual interpretation becomes the focus of the research of classic works of Marxism because of spread of nihilism led by modernity. There was textual interpretation about Real Socialism, whose textual interpretation becomes newly central issue of the research of classic works of Marxism under Scrambling from Universal Values. In the field of ideological research, along with ideological liberation from reform and opening-up, the ideological research of German Ideology become mature. Chinese have held speaking right in the research of German Ideology from Soviet Union Interpretation mode to Western Interpretation mode to Marxist Interpretation mode. In other words, we want to make excavating research of German Ideology keeping pace with the times according to Marx's own texts in historical vision. The comprehensive and systematic research of German Ideology would play an important role in building the Chinese contemporary Project of Marxism, constructing the new forms of Chinese Marxist philosophy, and realizing Marxist Sinicization."That we analyze the History of Research on German Ideology in the View of Marxist Sinicization"systematically summarized and deeply reflected the laws of the research on German Ideology in China and showed the fruitful result. The bibliographic grasping of German Ideology came to be free from the framework of Soviet Union Interpretation, to go beyond the historical limitation of Western Interpretation, and to embark on Marxist Interpretation with independent intellectual property. The theoretic thinking of German Ideology was from elucidating of ration to disseminating of scientific ration to carrying forward of subjective spirit, and even to lifting of class struggle, as was a kind of enlightenment which spread modern spirit and thinking mode. In the practice of German Ideology, either academic realist movement or popular movement of Marxist philosophy or the academic atmosphere of Theory with Practice pushed forward development of Marxist Sinicization, and also promoted building of modernity. The shortcomings of the research of German Ideology had revealed in China. In the bibliographic grasping of German Ideology, Soviet Union Interpretation has enabled us to make simplistic, poor, dogmatic and rigid interpretation; Western Interpretation has enabled us to make two opposing models of Humanism and Scientism interpretation; and Marxist Interpretation was deeply in love for academic philosophy, as enabled us to worry about its reality. In the theoretic thinking of German Ideology, from recrudescence of practical reason to fiery redness of struggle philosophy, from Scientism errors to Humanism traps, we recognize whether going against feudalism or going against Total Westernization would be arduous and long-term process. In the practice of German Ideology, whether the old fault of politicized philosophy or the new error of practical worship make Marxist Sinicization facing the paradox of modernity. Now in confronting the new situation, new problems and new requirements in the course of socialist building with Chinese characteristics, the research of German Ideology should be prospected in the co-existing befall of pre-modern, modern, and post-modern time. The backgrounds of national study revival have us to be more considerate of the complementarity; the view of globalization makes our research in the level of relation between man and world, and the view of harmonious society makes our research in the high degree of scientific development. In summary, the co-existence of multiple perspectives provides the theoretical innovation of Marxist Sinicization with new horizon, and practical creation of Marxist Sinicization with new realm.In"Conclusion", the laws of"The History of Researching on German Ideology in China" are summarized at the level of academy and theory, summing up the basic law of grasping literature, the basic law of theoretic thinking, and the basic law of practical application. All in all, the researches of German Ideology in China become mature step by step in the process of Marxist Sinicization.