| This essay will make a research on the political development and social changes of Chinese ethnic villages. The main focus will be what influences the Collectivization Movement under the leadership of Chinese Communist Party have made on the political development and social changes of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, which is an ethnic village in the east of Liaoning Province. After the establishment of CCP, they made the first attempt of Collectivization in the revolutionary base areas, which could be regarded as a prologue for the coming of a new age. As one of the birthplaces of Manchu, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County carried out the Agrarian Reform after the end of Anti-Japanese War, which cleared the way for Collectivization Movement. After 1949, CCP led farmers to make all kinds of attempts to turn individual farming to collective agriculture and develop the productivity force, including establishing the Cooperative Society, Junior Commune and Senior Commune. Eventually, in the Collectivization Movement, the People Commune System was established. This movement brought about great changes to the social vicissitude and political development. In this way, the Collectivization Era can be seen as a special period in Chinese history. This essay can be roughly divided into three parts on the basis of its thesis and outline, including prologue, body and epilogue. Meantime, the main body consists of six chapters. The first chapter will describe the social condition before the Agrarian Reform in Xiuyan.It is described in the terms of its natural conditions, history, administrative evolution, the feudal land tenancy relationship and thereby the personal attachment to the landlords and the cultural development of Manchu. This will be the extension of the core content analysis.The second chapter will talk about the anti-Japanese struggles of different ethnic people and the establishment of CCP regime. It will mainly focus on three points, which are the colonial rules of Japanese imperialism, the armed resistance of local people and the establishment of CCP regime in the rural areas. Thereby, we can learn the important role that Xiuyan people had played in fighting against aggression and achieving national emancipation.The main focus of the third chapter will be on the land reform and social reform in the rural areas. This chapter will discuss the respective measures the CCP government had taken to solve the local problems. First, the government led the local people to carry out the Massive Producing Movement in order to combat with the deficiency of food supply; second, the government developed culture and education undertakings to improve the social atmosphere; third, the CCP government taken a series of measures to improve ethnic relationship. To change the poverty and under-developed situation of these rural areas, CCP led them to accomplish the land reform after their emancipation. The accomplishment of the land reform not only stimulates farmers'initiative, but changes the political order in the traditional rural areas. The CCP managed to bring the loose farmers into the whole political system and accomplish the construction of the national state.The fourth chapter focus on Rural Reconstruction and Political change which happened during Rural Co-operative Movement. This chapter narrates the rise and the process of Rural Co-operative Movement, the extreme forms of Rural Co-operative Movement is People Community Movement, and this chapter also narrate cultural education and National Affairs, through narration we can see the foundation of people's commune makes the central governments of Chinese penetrate to Countryside, our country realize political integration of rural societyThe firth chapter focus on the rural economic system reform and the disintegration of communes. This chapter first expansion from the class struggle,the masses revolution, the decline of Agricultural Production and other aspects of agricultural production of the "Cultural Revolution" period Xiuyan of social disorder. It is summary "Cultural Revolution" damages the political order in our countryside, which makes Chinese politics enter decline stage, Agricultural Production was also damaged,which finally lead to disintergration of economic system reformation of countryside and people's commune. The sixth chapter focus on the foundation of Ethic Autonomous Region. This chapter tells the process of foundation of Manchu Nationality Autonomous country, the improvement of Manchu Nationality receptivity and the development of traditional culture, this chapter narrates the rise of villagers Autonomy and its development,through the narration after Cultural Revolution because of the intensively requirement of Manchu Nationality CPC finally set up Manchu Nationality Autonomy in the settlement of Manchu Nationality,which realize the Autonomy of Manchu Nationality, and improve the Manchu Nationality receptivity and also develop the traditional culture of Manchu Nationality, at the same time after the abolition of People's Commune regional national areas also founded Villagers Autonomy which is a kind of basic level of organization structure of power, which realize the transformation of Chinese Peasants from People to the citizens of democracy and legal system... |
