| In the era of collectivization,the vast rural areas have established relatively perfect financial management system,retained a large number of account books,vouchers and other grass-roots economic data.These data are directly formed in the production and management activities of rural production teams,which contain detailed information of rural economic life,and have important value for studying rural economy and farmers’ life.Jianziwan,a suburban village in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province,has preserved a large number of account data in the collectivization era,which is continuous and complete from the time period,involving many aspects of farmers’ economic activities.It is a precious historical material for studying the development and changes of villages from the economic point of view.This paper discusses the production and villagers’ life of suburban villages in collectivization era by using the account books of Jianziwan Village.Specifically,a comprehensive and detailed interpretation of the account books,combined with the geographical location of the village,analysis of the villagers’ way of living,the economic development of the village,reveals the country’s resources absorption in the countryside under the background of industrial construction,and its impact on farmers’ daily life.Jianziwan Village near the river and live,villagers were focused on agricultural production in history.In the age of collectivization,because of the increase of population and the land was invaded,which led to the villagers rely on land could not solve the problem of food and clothing.In such a difficult situation,the villagers have a long tradition of engaging in sideline work to maintain their livelihood.In the collectivization era,they make use of being located in the suburbs,so that they can develop the sideline such as carriage transportation,labor export,white lime and sand farm and so on.The profit of sideline has gradually become the main source of income for village and villagers.Villagers develop sideline by applying to the government many times,which shows their survival rationality.At the same time,because of the investment of water conservancy construction,fertilizer,seed and so on,the crop yield had increased,and the potential of traditional agriculture still plays an important role.With the increase of population,the area of cultivated land decreases,and the labor force input on the land per unit area increases,which leads to the lack of corresponding increase in labor productivity.In this period,the country transferred the income of the village through taxation and unified purchase and marketing for theneeds of industrialization construction.In addition,public works construction and communes draw the village’s labor force,but transfer this part of the people’s expenses to the production team.These all consumed the village income,resulting in the more developed sideline Jianiziwan Village has not been able to get rid of the "inner roll" fate.Under the strategy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry,the life of farmers is affected to a certain extent,and rations are squeezed to the lowest consumption level.Although the cash income is increasing,it has not achieved a qualitative leap.The daily consumption of farmers is mainly food expenditure,showing the imbalance between the slow growth of per capita income and the high Engel coefficient. |
