"Integration" Under "United Front" Policy

As the standpoint of the main theory of the CPC literary, "United front" policy had played an active role since 1930s. After the foundation of New China, "united front" remained as the starting point for cultural policy and played an important role in the effective cleaning-up and integration of art groups and literary thought. But we cannot deny the fact that the composition of literary thought and the organization of literary and artistic working groups were very complex in the early period of New China. The early period of New China is definitely a "transitional period" of time which could not be allowed to prolong indefinitely. The national literature and art were bound to be "restructuring", to transit to a new historical period. "United front" was embodied with deep political connotation and inherent with basic theories and methods. However, it also had substantial content, i.e., "unity-criticism-unity," which was both the purpose and the means. The National Culture Council meeting held in July 1949 was a practical application of "united front" in the literary front. This meeting also established the new Chinese Artistic Team and the Chinese Literary Thought Guiding. In September, the argument of cultural and educational policy was still based on the accordance with the "united front" policy. In 1950, the CPC had carried out the rectification campaign which had laid a "foundation of public opinion" outside the party for the rectification campaign of 1951. At the same time, after one year of economic and cultural construction, the social condition of China had experienced some new change.This prepared a solid social, economic and cultural foundation for the literature and art movement in the literary circle in 1951.Focused on the Chinese literary and art circles in 1951, this thesis tried to outline the significance of the year 1951 in the literary history and intellectual history of new China. Everything that took place in 1951 was closely related with the founding of New China, and had laid a solid foundation for the national study of Literary Speech and the thought reform in the art and literature circle in 1952.The framework of this thesis is based on the above topic, and certain points and lines of 1951 are sorted for the whole reflection of history of that year. In this process, the thesis studies horizontally the Central Literature Research Institute, the Private Film Industry of Kun Lun Film Corporation, Arts Building Series and New Literary Anthology's editing and publishing and the "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" Vol.1 published, and tries to outline the significance of 1951 by the reproduction of several important events in the history of that year.Chapter 1 is focused on the investigation of the establishment of Central Literature Research Institute and the studying of its trainees. Creating the Central Literature Research Institute had demonstrated that CPC was lack of confidence of the new Chinese artists. The CPC tried to establish a pure art team through school education and to establish the legal status of writers and artists of peasants and soldiers. But the writers and artists of peasants and soldiers, limited with their own quality, ultimately forced the Central Literature Research Institute to enroll a second class to shaping artists and new Chinese art team. This "integration" of new China team provided the experience of writers and artists.Chapter 2 is focused on the criticism of films such as "Wu Xun" and "Between Husband and Wife" produced by Kun lun Film Company. The criticism expanded on "Wu Xun" and "between Husband and wife" was pointed to the private film industry and the private nature of the Kun lun Film Company's economic system. Because of its contribution to the revolution, Kun lun had become the object of new Chinese film industry's united front. But the economic transition was a transition of Chinese society from the New People's economy to a socialist economy. The CPC chose Kun lun as a breakthrough to reform the private film industry, and produced a deterrent to the private film industry artists. The experience of Zhao Dan, Sun Yu and Zheng Junli has already proved its significance. The criticism of the Kun lun Film Company and private film industry directly lead to a new situation of Chinese film "transformation". Private film industry came to an end in 1952. It was prepared an "integrated" foundation of the literature and art of New China.Chapter 3 is focused on the editing and publication of the "New Literary Anthology" and the People's Literature Publishing House's version of "Arts Building Series". The editing and publication of "New Literary Anthology" and "Art Building Series" have considered the "revolutionary united front" policy at the beginning. But the "Art Building Series" was finally published without the consideration of the arts policy. It was a full performance of Yan'an young literary and artistic creation. As "revolutionary united front" of the production, "New Literary Anthology" had a distance with the new construction of literary values. It was eventually published in December 1952 after popular edition, accepted by the People's Literature Publishing House, and became an important factor in the "national literature". The principle of compile and the selection of targets had undergone a great change. This provided a basis for the integration of new thoughts in Chinese Literature. Chapter 4 is focused on the study of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" Vol 1. Before the publication of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" Volume I, the republication of "Practice" was promoted by a powerful learning exercise in the brewing. After the "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" has published its first volume, the CPPCC National Committee meeting established the National Political Thought Reform movement. The publication of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" served as the "discourse blueprint" for the thought-reform movements. Later after, the study of Mao Zedong Thought boomed throughout the country, and the reform movement of arts and thoughts got a great success. "Literary Speech" became the highest rate quoted text in the movement of ideas. This provided solid public foundation for the Thought Reform and the National Decade in 1952. They have cleared the way for workers of the new team of Chinese Literature and Literary Thought of "integration", formed a common understanding, and "United Front" had undergone some degree of change.Undoubtedly, for the new China,1951 is an important year in the history of Chinese literature. Although literature and arts is one of the factors of the "united front" policy, the so-called "united front" policy takes strong political value as its basic criterion.