A Research Study On The Political Activities Of The First Jebtsundamba Khutuktu

In the 1630s, the reincarnation system of Jebtsundamba Khutuktu was formed in Khalkh Tusheet Khan Gombu family. It is a result of the alliance of Tibetan Buddhism and political force of Khalkh Tusheet Khan. Identified by the fifth Dalai Lama as the reincarnation of Living Buddha Jamiyan, the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu bacame the head of Tibetan Buddhism in Khalkh Mongol and underwent the whole process of Khalkh Mongols shifting from stability to internal disorder, from independence to submitting to the Ching Dynasty. During the time, he mediated actively between the disputing parties in the internal disorder of Khalkh Mongols, so as to safeguard the political interest and territorial integrity of Khalkh Khanate. After Galdan's invasion of Khalkh Mongol, he submited to the Ching Dynasty, together with his subjects. During the war of Ching Dynasty and Dzungar leader Tsewang Rabtan, Jebtsundamba Khutuktu was active diplomacy and mediation, to promote peace and solve the issue of the dispute. This is a great contribution to the big unification of the Ching Dynasty. The research on such an important person is too little until now and a deep research is worth making. On the basis of full use of the former researches and the documents of the Mongolian Archival Materials of Mongolian Office of Grand Secretariat, combining document materials with historical records, this paper tried to add padding to the special research on the political activities of the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.This text included eight parts. In the part of "introduction", this thesis provided a brief introduction of the meaning and value of the subject, the present status of related research in China and abroad, the content and new meaning of this paper, the source of the historical materials and the approach of the research. Chapter 1 of "the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu's early political activities", discussed the family history of the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the event of his birth and taking the tonsure, the event of going to Tibet and meeting the fifth Dalai Lama and Panchen lama and the missionary activities after his return from Tibet etc.. Chapter 2 of "the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu's political activities before the Lovsan Rebellion and the Huren Belcheer Meeting", mainly discussed the situation of Khalkh and its neighbouring area before the Lovsan Rebellion in 1662; this chapter also discussed the cause and process of the internal disorder of Khalkh Mongol; this chapter discussed the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu's activities of mediating between the left wing and right wing of Khalkh nobilities on the dispute of subjects too. Chapter 3 of "the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu's political activities between the Huren Belcheer Meeting and the Galdan's invasion of Khalkh", talked about the Huren Belcheer Meeting, which was directed together by Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the representative of Dalai Lama and the representative of the Ching Dynasty in 1686; Jebtsundamba did a lot of mediations in order to resolve the subject and meadow dispute between the left wing and right wing of Khalkh Mongols; in this chapter we also talked about the religious rite dispute happened at the Huren Belcheer Meeting, which was used by Galdan as the pretext of the invasion of Khalkh later. Chapter 4 of "the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu from Galdan's invasion to his submission to the Ching Dynasty", discussed the reasons and process of Jebtsundamba's submission to the Ching Dynasty after the failure of military resistance against Galdan's invasion and the meaning of this historical event for the big unification of the Ching Dynasty; we also discussed the deep reasons why Galdan and the Ching Dynasty contested the domination of Khalkh Mongol around Jebtsundamba and Tusheet Khan; Chapter 5 of "the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu protested the action of Russia's invasion of Khalkh Mongol",he continuously negotiated with tsarist Russia so as to safeguard the territorial integrity of Khalkh; Chapter 6 of "the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu's political activities after his submission to the Ching Dynasty", talked about how Jebtsundamba negotiated with Dzungar leader Tsewang Rabtan after his submission to the Ching Dynasty, how he stabilized and pacified Khalkh Mongols and how he arranged his reincarnation. The part of "conclusion" made a brief conclusion about the political activities of the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu all his life and put forward author's own ideas and points.