Research On The Common Discourse Of Beijing Dialect

Discourse markers are one of the characters and forms in oral discourse.They are widely used in our daily life,and play an important role in the oral communication.Discourse markers have many pragmatic functions and discourse functions,so they can make the oral vivid and natural.Each language has its discourse markers in common use,and these discourse markers have different use frequency and social distribution.Therefore,researching the discourse markers bears both theoretic and practical significance.This paper describes and analyzes the discourse markers in common use of Beijing utterance materials,based on the theories,which are coherence and cohesion,grammaticalizatlon,linguistic variation theory,contemporarily also synthetically used theories and methods of functional linguistics,descriptive linguistics and social linguistics, etc.This thesis also analyzes the origins,properties,grammaticalization,functions,frequency, social distribution of these discourse markers in real time are showed,after summing up the former research results.The whole paper is consisted of seven parts.Chapter one is the generality.It mainly focuses on the survey of former research of the Beijing dialect and the discourse markers,and then introduces the source of linguistic materials, research methods and theory foundations of this paper.Chapter two is about the definition of discourse markers.We review the former definition of discourse markers,and analyze the properties and frequency of discourse markers in Beijing utterance materials.We mainly discuss the discourse markers,which are "n(嗯)" "a(啊)" "ai(哎)""e(呃)""zhege(这个)""nage(那个)""shibushi(是不是)""shiba(是吧)""ranhou(然后)""wanle(完了)""huitou(回头)".Chapter three is about the discourse markers "n(嗯)""a(啊)""ai(哎)""e(呃)".In this chapter,we distinguish and describe the functions of discourse markers in details and analyze their social distribution in different speech communities.First of all,we distinguish the differences of "n(嗯)""a(啊)""ai(哎)""e(呃)",when they are interjection or discourse markers.Usually,as a discourse marker,its phonetic is week,its intonation is low.Discourse marker is not same as the interjection,because its intonation usually does not influence its functions.Secondly,we describe the main functions and differences of the four discourse markers.When they are in oral monologue,they can hold the speech time,provide the thinking time,as the symbol of the speech beginning,stopping and dragging,revision,confirmation,and so on.At last,using the statistical methods,we concretely analyze the social distribution of "n(嗯)" "a(啊)""ai(哎)""e(呃)".They are supplementary or opposite between "n(嗯)"and "a(啊)" "ai(哎)""e(呃)".The Han Nationality, the young,the female,the high educator,the manual labors and the students,are more than the old, the male,the low educational level,the mental workers in using the standard or new discourse markers,such as "n(嗯)".While the other nationalities,the old men often use "ai(哎)""e(呃)".Chapter four is about the discourse markers "zhege(这个)""nage(那个)".This chapter describes their natures,functions,and the social distribution.First of all,we distinguish the differences of "zhege(这个)" and "nage(那个)",when as the demonstrative pronoun or as the discourse markers.The discourse markers are dependent on the oral communication,it has procedure meaning and pragmatic functions.Because the significance and the functions of "zhege(这个)" "nage(那个)" are week and empty they are used frequently,they become discourse markers slowly.Secondly,we describe the main functions and differences of the discourse markers "zhege(这个)" and "nage(那个)".They can hold the speech time,provide the thinking time,explain and find words or topics.They also can be the symbol of the speech beginning or context cohesion.At last,we analyze the social distribution of "zhege(这个)" "nage(那个)".The distribution of "zhege(这个)" is the male>the female;the old>the middle-aged person>the young.While the distribution of "nage(那个)" is the female>the male,the young>the middle-aged person>the old.These differences are reason from the characters and the functions of "zhege(这个)"and "nage(那个)".Chapter five is about the discourse markers "shibushi(是不是)""shiba(是吧)".This chapter researches the structures change and the functions week of the questions,then describes the functions and the social distribution.At first,we make a research the forming process of "shibushi(是不是)""shiba(是吧)" from grammatical angle.Different words or structures have different process and motivation or mechanism of grammaticalization.The basic causes are:high frequency and the changes of discourse mode,the position in sentence structure,context,ect. Second,we describe the main functions and differences "shibushi(是不是)""shiba(是吧)".When they are in oral monologue,they are one of the tactics of oral communication.Last,we analyze the social distribution of "shibushi(是不是)""shiba(是吧)".We find the old men like use them, while the female and the students nearly not use them.Chapter six is about the discourse markers "ranhou(然后)""wanle(完了)"huitou(回头)".First,we distinguish the differences of discourse markers and their same forms,and research their forming process from grammatical angle.Second,we describe their main functions: discourse organization,context adaptability and context cohesion.Last,The young,the female,the high educational level,the manual labors and the students use more "ranhou(然后)".While the old,the low educational level,the mental workers use "wanle(完了)"huitou(回头)".The last part is the concluding remarks.Here reviews the research of this paper,and introduces many other discourse markers in the conversation of Beijing utterance materials.It also explains the causes of discourse markers' existence,and put forward some questions.At the end, we summarize the new ideas and the shortcomings of this paper.