Studies On Rhetoric Word-Formation In The Book Of "a Dream Of Red Mansions"

Voice,vocabulary and grammar is known as the three elements of language. Rhetoric is the ways and means by which people use the three elements of the language of.In the pursuit of best expression results,the people always try to choose a variety of ways and means.Therefore,the rhetoric studies the use of voice, vocabulary,grammar from the view of the xpression.The relationship between with the three elements of the language is neither parallel nor subordinate,but is complex and crossed.The past study on the rhetorical and lexical has been more concerned on the role of the evolution of the meaning.The rhetoric is believed to be one of forces of meaning development,temporary use of the rhetoric up to the fixed meaning of words is an important way to extend meaning.In fact,the interaction between with rhetoric and vocabulary there is another way - rhetoric word-formation."Rhetoric is the ways and means of the use of language.In theword-formation activities,people also tend to use these methods and means to form new words.For example,the thing like a snail is called to be 'screws',the toy made of wood with a shape of a horse is called to be 'Trojan'.The rhetoric is used to create these new words." Rhetoric is the art of language.This art is used to create new words,and it becomes rhetorical word-formation."At first,these structures composed of two or more morphemes equivalent to words was just a temporary rhetoric usage,such as "freckles"(sparrow feces is compared with the the small dots of face ),"smiled tiger"(the smiled tiger is compared with good look and bad-hearted people),"Jiang Hu"(with specific areas on behalf of the quartet that all parts),"snoring"(by simulating the sound of heavy breathing to express the meaning of snoring),"dying"(Said persuasively the human died f) and so on.But gradually,as these structures not only clearly express the the meaning of the concept, but more clearly express the meaning of the the color of the word.So it has been constantly accepted and imitated by increasing number of people,and eventually become a fixed combination of morphemes(that is the word).In the process of creation of these words,rhetorical always plays the role of linking the materials,so we called it rhetoric word-formation.Essentially,rhetoric word-formation is the results of rhetoric curing in the vocabulary system.The reason why we distinguish the word-formation and the structure of words is as follows:to many words,only from the point of view of the structure of word,we could not tell the reason why words with the same structure have completely different meaning.For example,with the official compound for partial word,"spinach" is the vegetable,but "fungus" is not the "ear." There are also many words even with same materials and methods of formation,but they still have completely different meanings. For example,"green bean" means "green beans",but" bean green "means "the green colour like the beans." According to Mrs.Ge Benyi's theory,the word order is merely its representation,the key is different word-formation laws:"spinach"and "green beans" use the word-formation law of explanation,while "fungus" and "green beans" use the word-formation law of analogy.The reason why we distinguish the general word-formation and the rhetoric word-formation is as follows:for many words,only from the point of view of the traditional word-formation,we could not tell the reason why words with the same word-formation law have completely different color meaning.For example,with same word-formation of syntax,"longan "compared to "dried longan" more vivid,"returns to the western paradise" implicitly compared to "the death","looks upon with favor" compared to "takes seriously" to have the classical flavor and so on.It is precisely to promulgate this question,Mr.Ren Xueliang establishes the system of the rhetori word-formation.He said that the word-formation of the syntax pays great attention to scientific nature,while the rhetoric the word-formation pays great attention to artistry.In Chinese,the formation of all words cannot seperate from the voice,the grammar,the vocabulary(existing) and so on these essential factors of language.The methods of the word-formation means the utilization of these essential factor of language.But,what is used as the material of the word-formation, the form or the content,or both? Which way:is used ? The direct use or uses for to draw the analogy? Or is only uses for to take the grammatical markers? What kind of organizational relation is used?:General or rhetoric way? And so on..These relate to the rational,color and so on meaning of a word.. If the words created with general methods of word-formation conventionally utilize essential factors of language and their expressions pay attention to the rational meaning of the words,the words created with rhetoric word-formation law non-conventionally utilize essential factors of language and their expressions pay attention to additional colour meaningof the words.Like "short" and "blinks","funny" and "bursts out laughing","the black" and "very black" and so on.If the objects of study of general methods of word-formation cover all words,the objects of study of rhetoric methods of word-formation only include those members with rhetoric methods of word-formation and therefore with the unique additional significance.Such as,belong to the explanation law first to compose "the chicken breast","to carve up", "the duckbill cap" and so on.These words belong to the explanation law stated by Mrs GeBenYi,and simultaneously also belong to the analogue method to make the words. Therefore,the rhetoric word-formation cannot conflict general methods of word-formation.The two are all and the part relations,is also the intercross relations, simultaneously is two different stratification plane relations.It is nessary to have a special study on rhetoric word-formation.When we look at the history of Chinese study,there is no lack of useful exploration on the issue of rhetorical word-formation by previous scholars.But either from the perspective of rhetoric,being confined to simple enumeration of the types of rhetorical word-formation;Or from the point of view of lexicology,attaching it to one of the types of word-formation,and summing it over.In general,there is still the lack of systematic study and theoretical contribution to the phenomenon of Chinese rhetoric word-formation.In this paper,."A Dream of Red Mansions",the classic masterpiece,because of containing numerous examples of rhetorical word-formation,is to be the basic corpus. We will make comprehensive use of theories of lexicology,rhetoric,cognitive psychology,and linguistics,through the statistics,collation,and analysis of the overall situation of rhetoricalword-formation,in order to explore the aesthetic characteristics,psychological mechanism and ethnic characteristics of different types of rhetoricalword-formation.Through the contrast with research results of other relevant Corpus,We will outline of developing process of Chinese rhetoric word-formation since ancient times.Through the comparison and analysis of related corpus,to be true as far as possible,we will sketch the dynamic process from personalized temporary rhetorical phenomenon to the stable popular words,coagulation pathway, and influential factors etc of Chinese rhetoric word-formation,the kind of linguistic phenomenon.In this paper,three major parts were divided into:ChapterⅠsummary of rhetoric word-formationSectionⅠword-formation,word-formation motivation and rhetoric word-formationWord-formation is designed to meet the community's needs of communication.For the original word,the relationship between its name and the alleged thing is arbitrary. And later,what kind of voice is used to express the concept often contains a "motivation" in it.So there are many motivation to lead to the creation of a word from scratch.That is,for words,the types of their motivation is different.When creating a new word,rhetoric is used to be as the way and means of Combining the voice,vocabulary and other language elements,we call the way ofword-formation as rhetoricalword-formation.In fact,Rhetoric word-formation,means that that rhetoric is a motivation for the creation of anew word.SectionⅡThe history and current situation of the development of Chinese rhetoric word-formationFrom the emergence of echo words,reduplicated words in the book of Songs in the early Paleozoic,to various types of metonymy word-formation in Hanshu in the late Paleozoic,to imitationword-formation and abbreviation word-formation replacing metaphor and metonymy and becoming the most powerful manner of rhetorical word-formation in modern Chinese.The Chinese Rhetoric word-formation develops continuously.SectionⅢThe history and current situation of the research of Chinese rhetoric word-formationThe study of rhetoric word-formation also has just started:focusing on setting out the facts of languages,lacking of dynamic research of rhetoricalword-formation,and being less deep excavation,so there are yet not a significant contribution to the theory. SectionⅣThe necessity and significance of the study of Chinese rhetoric word-formationThe words created by the means of rhetoric,apart from lexical meaning,more importantly,its color meaning.For these words,it is far from sufficient to analyze the word-building.In theword-formation,it is also different from the generalword-formation law.Thus,it is necessary to separate the rhetoric word-formation from the traditionalword-formation law and give it a separate study.ChapterⅡThe profile of rhetorical word-formation in the book of "Dream of Red Mansions"ChapterⅡis the core of the entire thesis.SectionⅠMetaphor word-formationMetaphor is used to the creation of the word,that is,metaphorword-formation. On the basis of circumstances of appearance of the four components:the body of the metaphor,the engine of the metaphor,figurative words and figurative explanation in the surface of the word,the metaphorword-formation can be divided into three categories: the type of synecdoche,the type of metaphor,and the type of simile.In the deep psychological level,metaphorword-formation acts always in accordance with the track of perceiving things→seizing the "edge"→finding the appearance of vehicle's.The image is the most prominent aesthetic feature of analogy.This fully demonstrates the characteristics of Han ethnic group good at thinking in images.It is not only reflected from the rhetoric word-formation in the book of "Dream of Red Mansions",and more fully confirmed by the phenomenon of the vocabulary in modern Chinese.From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, metaphorword-formation is also not just a linguistic phenomenon,it is a reflection of human's cognitive psychology-metaphor.A reflection of metaphors of human experience in a particular field will be used to describe understanding of another experience in the field of the law of refraction of cognitive activity.It is a refraction of the law of cognitive activity that humans describe and understand another field in the experience of a field.SectionⅡMetonymy word-formationMetonymy is used to the creation of the word,that is, metonymyword-formation.According to the different angles, metonymyword-formation can have different classifications,such as by sound form, by grammatical structures......The types of semantic are the most traditional classification methods.Different from the psychological mechanism of metaphorword-formation based on "similar association",metonymy word-formation is based on "relations association".Metonymyword-formation has a variety of aesthetic features,but the image is still the most prominent one.It reflects that Han nationality's tradition of thinking in images:attaching importance to the embodiment of direct-viewing and perception.Similarly,seen from the person's cognitive perspective,metonymyword-formation is not merely a linguistic phenomenon,but one of the usual pattern of thinking and even acting.It is the reflection of metonymic cognitive mechanisms that a conceptual entity is used to help understanding another conceptual entity in a cognitive framework,in language.SectionⅢOther rhetoric word-formationA detailed introduction is given to the euphemism word-formation, onomatopoeia word-formation and other types of rhetorical word-formation in the book of"A Dream of Red Mansions".SectionⅣThe overlapping phenomenon of different rhetoric word-formationChapterⅢthe features of rhetoriealword-formation in the book of "Dream of Red Mansions"SectionⅠthe richness of rhetoric word-formation in the book of " A Dream of Red Mansions.In style,rhetoric word-formation in the book of "A Dream of Red Mansions" includes mandarin,spoken language,classical styles and dialects. In content,rhetoricalword-formation in the book of "A Dream of Red Mansions" contains costumes culture,etiquette cultural,architectural culture,and weddings and funeral culture.SectionⅡthe aesthetic of rhetoric word-formation in the book of "A Dream of Red Mansions".from three aspects of painting,music,and elegant,we analysize the aesthetic in the book of"A Dream of Red Mansions"ChapterⅣThe general laws of rhetorical word-formation embodied in the book of "Dream of Red Mansions" SectionⅠThe solidification of rhetoric phenomenon in the vocabulary system is a process.From the rhetoric with distinctive personality and a strong dependence on the context,to follow the text of the rhetoric generally agreed and followed by the public,to eventually abstract and solid member of the vocabulary base,rhetoric word-formation is a long lasting process.SectionⅡThe ways of the solidification of rhetoric in the vocabulary systemThe solidification of rhetoric in the vocabulary system has two ways:in addition to creating new words(That is what we call "rhetorical word-formation"),the other way is to create the new meanings.In fact,the creation of the new meaning is only a middle state,and ultimately it is still to be "new words".However,the latter new word is different from the former:its shape and meaning are not all new. But the word is a combination of sound and meaning,from this perspective,it is still a "new word" new combination of sound and meaning and new language communicative symbols.Of course,it should also be seen as a new member of vocabulary base.SectionⅢThe factors that influence the solidification of rhetoric to be a wordInternal mechanisms of the language,the nation's aesthetic concepts,the style and emotional color of the word itself,and many other factors are likely to have an impact on the solidification of rhetoric in the vocabulary system.