Studies Of The Domestic Bonds Issued By Beiyang Government

This thesis studies the domestic bonds issued by Beiyang government. It pays attention to the whole, and give prominence to every domestic bonds too. It presents and expounds the particular issuing process of domestic bonds, which involves the issuing background, reasons , course , ending , repayment ,and so on. It opens out the issuing reality of the domestic bonds under the background of complex politics, military affairs, economy, finance, etc. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of all domestic bonds by analyzing the quomodo, interest rate, compensation, variety, time limit, and so on. It analyzes the effects of domestic bonds on the political situation, finance, economy, nation dominion, burden on the people in period of Beiyang Government.The straight matter of this thesis involves eight chapters. Add the introduction and epilogue, there are ten parts in this thesis. Let me present simply:Introduction: enucleate the significance of this subject, explain several conceptions with relation to bonds and limit the content of this thesis.Chapter 1: the beginning of domestic bonds issuing in China. Explore the origin of public debt in China. Point out that public debt came into being in ancient society. Expatiate on the appearance of modern public debt in China. Appraise the domestic bonds issued by Qing Dynasty in 1894 impersonality. Expound the cause, course and ending of Zhaoxin Bond issued in 1898.Chapter 2: the domestic bonds issued from 1911 to 1913. recount the patriotic bond issued by Qing Dynasty in 1911, the military need bond issued by Nanking Temporary Government, the bond issued by Yuan-Shikai Government in 1913. Point out that issuing domestic bond had not become the unvarying measure of government for raise money.Chapter 3: the appearance of good achievement of domestic bonds issuing. Expatiate on the domestic bonds issued by Beiyang Government from 1914 to 1916. It involves the domestic bonds issued in 1914, 1915and 1916. Point out that the domestic bonds issued in 1914 was the first bonds that issued successfully and analyze the reason of it's success.Chapter 4: the overrun of domestic bonds issuing. Discuss the domestic bonds issued from 1918 to 1921. Beiyang Government issued large numbers of domestic bonds because of being short of money, confusion of the money market and rigorous qualification of borrowing money from west countries. The domestic bonds issuing came into the period of overrun. In this period, Beiyang Government issued short-term domestic bonds and long-term domestic bonds in 1918 for cleanning up , the paper currency. For the same reason, Beiyang Government issued neatening finance bond in 1920. Beiyang Government issued domestic bond for raising stratocracy expense in 1919 and issued domestic bond for relieving the people in disaster In 1921.Chapter 5: the liquidating of domestic bonds in 1921 and the coordinating of short-term borrowing which offered salt-tax as the guarantee in 1922. Expatiate on the causation, the process and the result of the liquidating of domestic bond in 1921. expound the process of domestic bonds fund keeping. Point out that the liquidating of domestic bonds in 1921 had redeemed government credit to a certain degree, but had lost government credit much more. Expatiate on the unrest in the process of 9600000 bond issuing. Point out that 9600000 bond was the most destructive bond to the social finance in the later period of Beiyang Government. The issuing of 9600000 bond and its fund being unwarranted destroyed the government credit all the more.Chapter 6: the decrease of domestic bonds issuing number and the issuing of treasury—the change appearance of domestic bonds. Because of the comedown of government credit, the domestic bonds was not popular any longer, the number of domestic bonds issuing decreased and Beiyang Government had the only choice of issuing treasury bill—the change appearance of domestic bonds. In this period, Beiyang Government had issued domestic bond in 1922 and 1925, and issued nine treasuries. The number of every domestic bond was only about 10000000 yuan, and the number of treasury bill was only about millions yuan. The decrease of the number of domestic bonds issuing indicated that Beiyang Government would fold up before long.Chapter 7: the demonstration analysis of basics of domestic bonds issuing. Generalize the issuing of domestic bonds in the period of Beiyang Government, textual research the amount of domestic bonds issued in the period of Beiyang Government. Analyze the use, interest rate, price, fund, issuing and repay method of all the domestic bonds Detailedly, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages.Chapter 8: the analysis of domestic bonds issuing effects. Discuss the relation of domestic bonds issuing with warlord polity, government finance, social economy, nation dominion and burden on the people, etc. Analyze the effects of domestic bonds issuing on Beiyang society.Epilogue: summarize the whole article, and bring forward the apocalypse of domestic bonds issued by Beiyang Government.