In The Late Ming Ci

The thesis researches into the development and condition of Ci-poems of the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty (1466-1620). It has been divided into two parts: the former one concentrates on the development of Ci-poems in different periods, including Cheng Hua to Hong Zhi Period,Long Qing to Wan Li Period. The other one studies the zoology of Ci-poems in this time , including the way of passing and accepting of Ci-poems,the pattern of inventing,the choosing and accepting to fruits of Ci-poems before, the connection between the $intention of invention and social functions,the connections between Ci-poems and other literary style.The writers and products of Ci-poems in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty reached a great number. Chapter 1 discusses the first period. In this period, there weren't too many famous writers, but the characteristic of Ci-poems in the Ming Dynasty has been unfolded. Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 concentrates on the general situation of Ci-poems in Zheng De to Jia Jing Period. In this period, Ci-poems got a surprising development. So many famous poets and works came out. Not to say the famous ones as Yang Shen,Zhang Yan,Chen Ting,Chen Duo etc, many unfamous writers had gratifying works too. Chapter 4 discusses the development of Ci-poems in Long Qing to Wan Li Period. In this period, the invention of Ci-poems fell down somehow, but not decayed completely. In the latter part of this thesis, the focus is discussing and unclosing the reasons which resulted to the condition. Chapter 1 discusses the way of passing and accepting of Ci-poems , and the pattern of inventing. There had been great changes in this period,and these changes had influenced the style and taste of Ci-poems. Chapter 2 discusses the choosing and accepting to the fruit of Ci-poems before the Ming Dynasty. From every aspect, the psychology of accepting was tolerant,further more, and had never completely dominated. In Chapter 3, we discussed the choosing direction of the themes, and these phenomena were the very result and reflection of the society. And, Ci-poems became the tools of social communication,along with losing some of it's characters of aesthetic feeling. In Chapter 4, we discussed the connections among Ci-poems and other styles. The forming of unique style are quite interosculated with other styles,and earthliness influenced Ci-poems notably.To make a comprehensive survey, through the research of the former and latter part of this thesis, we can come to this result :the development of Ci-poems in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty had an essential characteristic, which was secularization,not assimilation with Qu-poems. Actually, assimilation with Qu-poems was just one of the extrinsic exhibition of vulgarization. Whether from the intention of invention or the way of passing and accepting and the influences of other literary style, the secularization of Ci-poems was quite extraordinary. Meantime, Ci-poems in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties was near to the people,so the regressing to the early style of Ci-poems agreed with the secularization. Consequently,Ci-poems with the style of folk song came out and became the lighted part of this period.