Truth Or Authority

Soviet textbook philosophy, as an event of philosophy which developed from the specific historical conditions and had huge influence on people's thought and behavior in the nearly half century, always has been the topic to which the academic circles pay attention since the 1980s.To reunderstand Marxist philosophy on the foundation of introspecting the traditional Soviet textbook philosophy constitutes the basic logic of the transform of China Marxism research form at present. Whatever we criticize the theory or perfect the theory, Soviet textbook philosophy constitutes the theory premise which China Marxism research does not allow to overstep. However, judging from the theory position on Soviet textbook philosophy in domestic academic circles presently, there has one kind of paradox appraisal. That is if the conclusion is comprehensive denial of the Soviet textbook philosophy, it will certainly cause historical break in China Marxist philosophy history since 1919; relatively if the conclusion is comprehensive approval of the Soviet textbook philosophy, then what's the necessity for the discussion on so-called structure of modern sinicization of Marxist philosophy ?This kind of theory difficultly decides the goal of the paper:Through tracing cultural history of the Soviet textbook philosophy to order its historical background, theoretical basis, theoretical question in forms and the evolutionary process accurately and objectively and to make a fair and objective appraisal of the Soviet textbook philosophy. This is not only our responsibility for the history, but also the basic premise of opening our future sight of thinking. This thesis was composed of four sections.The first section answered the question why the Soviet textbook philosophy came into being through an analysis of unique political culture in the forming process of the Soviet textbook. This thesis insisted that the introspection of the Soviet textbook philosophy, which couldn't be discussed on its advantages from its theoretical forms, must be set in the Russian unique social, political and cultural situation. The Soviet textbook philosophy, as the product of Russianization of Marxist philosophy, form and rule people'thought for a half century mostly because it was related with Russia's historical, cultural traditions and Soviet social political background. The Soviet textbook philosophy was the product of theoretical systematization of Marxist philosophy since Karl Marx, Although it had many questions such as theoretical flaws , taking the shed at will and so on as a result of the Soviet Scholar's level of understanding to the Marxist philosophy and subjective needs, this kind of attempt needed to be approved. Objectively speaking, the Soviet textbook philosophy, as the elaboration of Russian form which derived from Russian own historical circumstances, is the reflection and continuation of the Russian historical and cultural traditions in 20th century.. The second section was about clarifying theoretical basis of the Soviet textbook philosophy through marshaling classical text groups by which the Soviet textbook philosophy came into being and clarifying an important difficult theoretical problem which until now is still revolving to the appraisal of the Soviet textbook philosophy: that is whether "textbook philosophy" has reflected the basic principle of Marxist philosophy basically. The important theoretical basis of this viewpoint was that the basis of the Soviet textbook philosophy was Marx's and Lenin's classical original text which was spoke on good grounds, but classical original text itself was the classics, its accuracy was not allowed to be denied. However, in the process we ordering the text group on which the Soviet textbook philosophy depended, we discovered that it was sure that misreading to the classics caused many theoretical problems and theoretical dilemma to the Soviet textbook philosophy. Considering this, we held the opinion that Soviet textbook philosophy did not basically reflect the basic principle of the Marxist philosophy completely and accurately. Russian tradition of Marxist philosophy mainly came from Plekhanov, Lenin and Stalin's comments on Marxist philosophy.They specially highlighted the way of Engels'comments." Anti-Duehring", "Thesis on Feuerbach "by Engels , " Thesis on Development of Monism Conception of History "," Basic Question of Marxism "by Plekhanov, "Materialism and Empirical Criticism" by Lenin, " Thesis on Dialectical materialism and Historical materialism" by Stalin constituted main text groups of the Soviet textbook philosophy. This thesis declared that the foundation in-depth of the Soviet textbook philosophy was Engels' thought, the basic logic of it was the understanding of Plekhanov to the Marxist philosophy, the basic principle of it was Lenin's thought and the final shape of it was the Stalinism by expounding to the main works above. The above thought although had different stress on the understanding to the Marxist philosophy, but something in common was embarking from the mode of traditional philosophy thinking, emphasizing the materialism tradition in the Marxist philosophy, making it systematization and standardization. These are precisely theoretical characteristics of the Soviet textbook philosophy.Through systematically exploring the Soviet textbook philosophy in a long developing process from the germ to the embryonic form, the third section elaborated the system of the Soviet textbook philosophy. As the theoretical ambassador of Russianization of Marxist philosophy, it took Soviet experiences as growing point of the theory, took ontology comment of the Marxist philosophy as the basic way, took the validity of Soviet Marxist philosophy as the theoretical objective and took the basic function which served for politics as pattern of the theory. The system of the Marxist philosophy forming under the certain historical condition by Russian had such a problem existed question that is people changed theoretical system of not having theoretical universality and absolute truth into the only scientific pattern, only reasonable shape of Marxist philosophy. Especially after Stalin, they did not regard their own Marxist philosophy textbook system as concrete explanation system in the specific historical situation, but regarded it as the only reasonable theoretical pattern which in turn was took as the theory frame to explain, judge, trim the Marx's philosophy. This pattern of expounding had not only controlled the research of Soviet Marxist philosophy but also affected the world. It had huge influence until now to China and so on specially. Therefore tracing to the history of the Soviet textbook philosophy again is not only helpful to us. In understanding the Soviet textbook philosophy deeply, but also significant for us to reunderstand the Marx's philosophy and construct the modern sinicization of Marxist philosophy.The fourth section was about introspecting the way of criticizing, the method, the standard, the goal of the Soviet textbook philosophy through tracing historical background, theoretical basis, theoretical question in forms and the evolutionary process of the Soviet textbook philosophy. This thesis considered there was certain mistakes in criticizing Soviet textbook philosophy .Now, both in standard recognizing and method choosing. In fact there was a question in what to criticize and criticize what. Until now we still have not clear thoughts about the difference between the standard of the textbook and the standard of criticizing of the textbook, and we have not clarified "the terror of ideology " is the reason which the textbook philosophy produced or the result, if the genuine meaning of Marx's philosophy constitutes the standard of criticizing the textbook philosophy, and how to understand the relation between the basic category of Marx's philosophy and the basic category of Marxist philosophy. If these questions do not been solved, the anticipated goal of criticizing the textbook philosophy in fact is very inaccessible. And we also have difficulty in going out of the textbook philosophy truly. This thesis attempts to master the condition of criticizing to the current textbook philosophy overall by answering the question above, and tries to propose own principle of criticizing in order to reunderstand the textbook and the Marxist philosophy in a higher and broader platform.