Research On The Polysyllabic Vocabulary Of Northern Dynasty Chinese

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties ,there wee many difference not only in politics, economy ,society prevailing custom, and cultural tradition also in their languages .At present ,the research on the characteristic of language in the North and South is not enough .To deepen the research of Chinese history ,it is necessary for people to more force to research their language separately .The aim for this article is to research and explore the polysyllabic vocabulary of Northern Dynasty.This paper consists of three parts------ introduction, five chapters of main body and conclusions.The first part is introduction .We have reviewed the history of research on vocabulary of the Northern Dynasty in the past thirty years. We find out that apart from some words explanation, some special books and materials words research, the study on the synonyms, antonyms, polysyllabic vocabulary, as well as new lexicon and new meanings of this times are very insufficient. In the meantime, the documents of spoken language in the Northern Dynasty were not used extensive in the course of research. These situations are unfavorable for people to understand the appearance of the Northern Dynasty's words ,the difference in the South and North, and also unfavorable for establishing the history status of this time .Therefore it will also difficult to learn the situation that the Northern Dynasty influenced the Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty's language. After analyzing the views on differences between the North and South and production of phonetic history, we point out that it is feasible and of great importance to research the North dynasty's languages. In addition, in this part, we also show the emphases of this article.The second part is the main body of this paper. There are five chapters in this part including the Northern Dynasty's literature material and their value , determine criteria for polysyllabic vocabulary, research on the Northern Dynasty of polysyllabic synonyms, antonyms, the relation between research on the Northern Dynasty polysyllabic vocabulary and new words exploration and interpretation of the some wordsIn Chapter One, we have discussed the situation of the documents in the Northern Dynasty and the scope of materials in this article. In this chapter, after inspecting the results of the study of predecessors and up-to-date scholar's in this areas, we have fully investigated and analyzed the existing literature's situation and value of the Northern Dynasty .After this work , we have decided the material of this paper. In this paper, the material includes two categories, one is Northern Dynasty Buddhist scriptures, including 47sections, 147 volumes and the other is native literature, which mainly include geography, science, technology, political philosophy and novels; historical literature; literati poetry collection; Taoist literature and so on .We also show these documents and their editions.Chapter Two is standards of polysyllabic. To decide polysyllabic vocabulary effectively, illuminate the standard of them is main aim of this chapter. After summarizing all sorts of view of scholars about standards of polysyllabic vocabulary since 1940's, we think that we should determine polysyllabic vocabulary by semantic standard and guide research work of this article by this standard.Chapter Three focuses on the synonymic polysyllabic vocabulary of the Northern Dynasty. Firstly, we have done a brief review of situation and problem in ancient Chinese synonymous. Facing the insufficient situation in current study of medieval Chinese polyphony, the important theoretical and practical significance of polysyllabic words are analyzed in this part. Since there are not one standard have accepted by most scholar to determine polysyllabic words, we think that in the course of seeking the synonymic polysyllabic vocabulary, we should depend on the words semantic relevance in literatures In the meantime, on the basis of achievements in scientific research, we did textual researching. Under the guidance of this thinking, 100groupe synonymous polysyllabic words have been shown, and the relationship between synonyms has been also demonstrated by scholars'research results and some reference books. In this chapter more than 1233 words have been discussed, including 765verbs, 310adjectives and158 nouns. Moreover, we try to explore the motivation of synonymic polysyllabic vocabulary through words'use in sequence, same morpheme but different order synonymous, some expression in the context of the transformation of their words, energies consolidate in form new words, new words and new meaning and new affixes and so on.Chapter Four is on antonymous polysyllabic vocabulary Northern Dynasty. We reviewed the history of ancient Chinese antonymous polysyllabic vocabulary researching analyzed its gains and losses, in the end pointed the significance of it. After making valuation on achievements and views in the past thirty years, we ascertain the methods of deciding the antonymous polysyllabic vocabulary. After detailed investigation, we find out there are78 couple antonyms polysyllabic words in Northern Dynasty's documents which are selected by us. We also discussed and demonstrated each of them .At last, we explained the situations of the Polysyllabic antonyms in the Northern Dynasty's Chinese and other questions.Chapter Five is the relation between the research of polysyllabic vocabulary in Northern Dynasty's Chinese and appearance and interpretation of some words. In this chapter, we have in first inspected some questions on deciding new words and new meaning and think that we have many difficulties and shortcomings about searching documents in large scale in the course of studying ancient Chinese. Therefore, we proposed that we should decide new words and new meaning by Han Yu Da Ci Dian. Guiding by this views, on the basis of the former two chapters, in according to the links of words have been posted, we have checked the explanation of the Northern Dynasty'polysyllabic vocabulary in Han Yu Da Ci Dian, we find that there are more than 138 words , 60 meanings haven't been recorded in , and more than 180 meaning items of entries are later than the fact. In addition, some wrong explanations of some words in Han Yu Da Ci Dian also have been analyzed in this chapter. Therefore, the great practical value both in finding new words and new meanings and improving the compilation and revision of large-scale reference books have been explored.The third part is conclusion. In this part, we have explained some questions that haven't been analyzed in detail in the former chapters . We mainly discussed the status of Northern Dynasties Chinese in the history of vocabulary research, importance for dictionaries compilation and documents emending. Under the previous chapters'demonstration, we think that in the course of researching the Northern Dynasty's language, we should treat Buddhist scriptures and the native literature in the same weight. We have further pointed out that it is of importance for ancient Chinese research to strengthen the Buddhist literature's emending. This section also realized that the complexity of the Northern Dynasties Chinese characteristics and the importance and the difficulties of it by analyzing the national integration and migration movements and other factors on the impact of the Northern Dynasties Chinese in history .