| First, research background and paper starting pointThe religious ethics agent of Jin business economy in Ming and Qing Dynasties was a brand-new topic at the aspect of religion social history research. During 500 years, the merchants in the middle of Shanxi have made great achievement and been vertical and horizontal richest in all nation; They have unique rational economic ethics----morals encouraging good behavior, the honest trust, diligent professional and the brand-new commercial order which religion spirit at modern times displayed by regarding gaining wealth as"righteousness". Under the big background of Ming and Qing Dynasties culture vicissitude, religious ethics by its unique energetic style, the cultural significance coordinates with Jin business organization behavior and the ethics manner of effective management, together constitutes the universal behavior model and the life style of modern Jin business. Arrived Qing Dynasty especially, the birth of Jin business money shop not only has created a miracle in the finance history of the world, moreover even if"the ray"of cultural agent of enterprise"sustainable development"went in, it still would be worth thinking deeply about today. Therefore this article chooses the Jin business as the object of study, it is for the purpose of from the religious ethics angle of view carrying on as far as possible portray and appraisal, has concentrated historical scene, cultural structure of religious ethics in form refraction economy movement, then make fair appraisal to the enterprise culture cohesive force, which religious being into life formed moral ethics. But firstly we meet such a question that Weber supposed premise in advance for the Chinese religion. Weber took Chinese religion (especially Confucianism) as the agent which hindered the capitalism development by counter-example, and had made no-objective appraisal about Taoism and ignored the Zen as Chinese Buddhism. Quantity commercial literature in Ming and Qing Dynasties demonstrated that in Jin business economy rationalization operation, Chinese religion ethics at modern times (After Tang and Song Dynasties religion had changed into Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism) had played a very important role to Jin business spirit mold. A lot of in-depth religion cultural features which there were in the Jin business economy movement formed interaction with it. This prominent social history culture phenomenon truly had the intriguing connection with the Jin business cultural, the custom common social practice, the religious belief, the value orientation, and had"the profound relationship"with the social vicissitude at that time; thus that we carefully examine the Jin business in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the angle of religious ethics is not only the need which promulgates its inner link with the religious ethics, also is the need of"explanation"Weber hot again.The religious sociology is the emerging discipline. Weber (Max Weber) inevitably becomes the thought of"the high peak"we cannot go round. Not discussing Weber's argument basis, the text annotation and the conclusion, its proof angle already made clear --- the social development, the essential factor of the enterprise economy growth continually is not decided by economic basis which assumes single factor, the religious spirit of stratification plane at the overtop structure has important holding force to the Jin business enterprise essential factors in Ming and Qing Dynasties including operation pattern, system economy, human resources conformity and so on. The agent of the Jin business in Ming and Qing Dynasties rising rapidly had really many general things with what Weber quoted Franklin's thought repeatedly to explain the religious spirit factors. In other words, in economic ethics any essential factors of rational religious spirit similarly have universal significance which can mold enterprise spirit.Looked on present situation, researching Jin business mainly concentrated in the historical treatise and business discussion. This article changes examining angle ---"visiting"the Jin business spiritual constitution in Ming and Qing Dynasties from religious ethics. How had the merchants in the middle of Shanxi created commercial wonder in the world history in the interior province which were lack of resources, had unenlightened transportation and extremely deep cultural tradition in Ming and Qing Dynasties? Did what drive and power mechanism construct the modern China's commercial civilization? Whether did religious ethics constitute directive stipulation during the molding of commercial ethics heteronomy and commercial spirit? Whether were there other controlling strength hiding in the depth of the historical materialism economical determinism which had function in the production method under the special history condition in Ming and Qing Dynasties in China? Therefore this article made the difficult textual criticism annotation to the Jin business in Ming and Qing Dynasties using massive utilization rich, full and accurate, the accurate historical data as far as possible. Economical vicissitude in the junction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was actually necessity caused by spiritual strength, the change of people's daily life goal and the value caused the economic activity to change the direction, essential factors of belief, ethics, morals and so on further evolved into energetic effectiveness to impetus economy development. The practice proved, once the religious factors including Protestantism ethics become moral autonomy, they can produce formidable enterprise culture cohesive force, the centripetal force and the adsorptive attraction in the economic activities.Due to creating the commercial myth Jin business became the historical focusing community, but it was rarely known that the sorrow and difficult starting an undertaking and religious ethics mood accumulating in their hearts. Therefore this article diligently takes life trivia present as the clue, as far as possible highly infers them from the significance world to"the reality condition"of life, has the drawing close to real assurance and indication about the rich content of believes, the morals, the custom, the social custom and so on in the religion ethics at modern times. Therefore this article vigorously organizes the historical clue from the historical data of the Jin business in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the first material textual research and screening in the folk which discusses all that of the changes of religious entering life, the evolution of traditional religion ethics, the Jin business spirit, the divine nature ethics value constitutes, and studies the religious ethics of the Jin business culture from the primitive text linguistic environment angle of view. Because the literature textual criticism, participating in the investigation, the value neutrality not merely provides the change way of the concrete situation for the sociological method, mainly exhausts these changing historical clues, further demonstrates unique appearance of religion ethics in Jin business culture at modern times.Second, paper structure and basic contentIntroductory remarks: Jin business in the sight of religious ethics. Mainly introducing selected topic background of the entire paper, research objective, academic review, present research situation, existence questions, research method and basic mentality.Chapter one Religions at modern times: Moral significance returning of belief. Great society changes in Ming and Qing Dynasties produced the Jin business economy, its significance lies in bringing the traditional religion ethics revolutionary: the literary intelligentsia function is substituted by merchants; people at all the various trades and occupations being engaged in the same profession, evaluating about merchants'value obtains the reasonable solution theoretically; value orientation advantaged by righteousness entrusting with the tool rationality morality and justice; moreover the religion ethics at modern times become energetic community of the enterprise culture after fusing Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism and the folk religion. After reform Chinese religion at modern times similarly has the realistic ethics function with Protestantism. Buddhism being into life directly, Buddha's jungle system and"Taoism's hitting the fatigue dust"are all similar to Protestantism ethics.Chapter two Jin business spirit: The value direction of religious ethics. By religious spirit cultural value this chapter mainly analysis common factors with economic activities during bidirectional interaction, diligently dialysis the theory ingredient of this kind of nature spirit which contains in the intrinsic surmounting traditional thoughts. In its transformation to practice rational religious ethics of the Jin business spirit performs for formidable practice independent, namely the community honesty, endures and steady, honesty and believing, diligent and thrifty autonomy. In order to highlight the core value of the Jin business spirit especially, this chapter takes a view of the cultural system essential elements as a clue to give in the theory explanation about the religious ethics of forming Jin business spirit, by the altitude of religious ethics connotation specific, the constancy of religious ethics culture and the Confucian ethics mainstream,Chapter three Believing God and respecting ancestors: Spiritual condensation of ancestral hall and filial piety ritual. The Chinese Confucian culture religious question gathers quite a lot of sues, speaking of Confucianism influence, confluence of tradition religion ethics and the Confucian classics in Xia Shang Zhou generations continues into the Jin business belief main consciousness. Moreover the source of Han Nationality culture value is not cut off with the sun and lively, maintains the condition neither friendly nor aloof, then believing God and respecting ancestors is the condition of the traditional religion expansion in the Jin business belief system of Ming and Qing Dynasties. To parents soul calm as well as family spirit extension such as the ancestral hall meter gauge, responsibility passing from generation to generation, loyal cardinal guides and constant virtues and so on indicated that the filial piety and the rituals of state essence lies in the construction of life significance world, other shore tracking down with this shore struggle superposition.Chapter four Duke Guan worship: construction of divine nature and reality ethics. Following with religious ethics continuously, the Jin business went from the survival stage to the undertaking stage and money shop development afterwards, although unconsciously. This chapter proves the Duke Guan worship has had the Western Christ church accurate divine nature function from four aspects of two levels. The clubhouse following along with business resorted to the divine nature compensation by contributing money and constructing righteously. In the sacrificial offering institution and the etiquette stylization aspect the Jin business clubhouse played the energetic isomorphism role except for the realistic function of the native place friendship among townspeople, the mass discussion, guild regulations and subsiding sues which gathered outside, simultaneously enhanced harmony of the multi-gods for the custom carrier and moral heteronomy strengthened effectiveness. In the energetic stratification plane, the township god Duke Guan's loyalty and patriotism has set up morality and justice model. The special reward marvelous method by which play moved along with business firmed the divine nature moral strength through another kind of unique experience, god world kissing has constituted the psychology consoles.Chapter five Significance world: Examining closely moral value. The belief is an extremely complex cultural value system, the belief has the divine nature part, also has exudes ingredient which divine nature ultra examines speaking with difficulty. Weber summarized Confucian divine nature for"righteousness"in moral return of the comparison Protestantism and Chinese tradition religion ethics, implication is very difficult to reflect, righteousness belonging to ethics stratification plane is Confucianism morality, the justice and moral friendliness. The"righteousness"of religious stratification plane refers the being life religion kind which displays in the significance world construction. This chapter closely examines its moral value root from righteousness reality activity,"righteousness"is taken as"the three forms of immortality"connecting with the sun, experience in the card realizes and surmounting terror for death. Basing on this article linguistic environment, this article will make the depth historical inspection on setting up the morals, the establishment meritorious service, the maintenance chastely and committing the ideas to paper, and expound the Jin business spirit morals aware by the system intrinsic organic connections.Chapter six Difficult position of Weber proposition. Conclusion part of the whole article. Firstly, affirming the economical significance and the academic value of Chinese religion ethics at modern times, which are for the purpose of explaining it is not the hindrance which prevents capitalism produce. Protestantism ethics has only provided a thought angle of view, does not have only universality to the strong trend religion ethics. Next, making response to the negative that Weber did not suitably enlarged Chinese religion ethics for Protestantism proof, pointing out paradox confusion into which Weber's comparison method fell: regarding the stratification plane of Confucian culture ethics as religion stratification plane; comparing the form rationality of West industrial capital and the custom convention unwritten at Chinese agriculture civilization time; denying the Capitalist enterprise rationalization management process at Chinese modern times and so on. This article makes as far as possible benefit to Weber's idea method returning value neutrality.Third, paper innovation and significanceFirst, selected topic and research sight innovationThis article unifies the religious ethics and the enterprise spirit in different field, puts the economical pursue efficiency and the value world of religious ethics pursue in a system background, its value form looks probably contradictory, which not only has the theory effect but also has the reality inspiration. For many years the author has devoted himself to the collection and reorganizes of the Jin business materials in Ming and Qing Dynasties and has founded the enterprise, the long-term practice accumulates personal feelings about the cultural divine nature of religious ethics in the unique competitive power and core strategy system, which enterprise culture of Jin business in Ming and Qing Dynasties had, but this is that saint ethics applies mechanically simply in the enterprise not the general characteristic rule, of course this article doesn't reprint Weber's theory. This article takes the Chinese religion ethics at modern times as the rules and regulations to Jin business individual behavior model, also takes the religious ethics as the enterprise system vicissitude and the organic essential factors of transaction cost from the market morals standard angle. Decomposing the enterprise culture into the essential elements of system, when regarding the culture, the religious ethics moral significance can even more highlight.Second, innovation of social history research methodTo realize the research method of value neutrality, the literature real diagnosis, the investigation and study, participate in the observation appear important. It is possible to be able to fall the static sociology to have a limited view of the overall picture with difficulty to continue to use original business history and discussion to study the Jin business. In order to prove the function and significance which the religion ethics at modern times have the Jin business spirit mold in Ming and Qing Dynasties, we must seek the individual inner world bright tendency. Standing in the textual criticism real diagnosis altitude, this article faces directly the history, faces directly the textual criticism, faces directly the question, utilizes Jin business materials in Ming and Qing Dynasties supplying histories in form of biographies annihilation business book, epitaph, stele carving cultural relic, local annals, play spectrum, Jin business miscellany, genealogy, title deed, ancient folk song or folk poetry originally about love and later describing local themes, merchant prose real materials and so on, makes revelation innate and reality condition of object of study. Feel the scene of object of study, the space and time, the environment, the custom and thoughts. The author embarks from the system view, grasps the real linguistic environment of the text among the system and the essential factor, the essential factor and the essential factor, the system and the environment reciprocity and affects mutually, in relief strong"Jin business bottom color".We have to plunge into the thick of life, the involvement culture thought and the experience certain connection process to have a limited view of the dynamic thought consciousness from the static historical data. The religious sociology dedicated overall society's history, and manifests the social history"the integrity"distinctively. The social history research content involves the society constitution, the social life, the social function, the society operational mechanism and so on, rich and the multi-dimensional family genealogy, the individual belief, the folk custom, the enterprise culture, the policy-making psychology, the social control and so on overall social life which opened the new road for the development of research sight. The social history textual research method is precisely makes up athletic event in which one is weak in the historical treatise the energetic cultural intuition metaphor and the suggestion, reassigning culture intuition and even the significance which becomes aware in the material contains, is one kind of real spirit feeling to grasp the Jin business religion spirit and religious ethics in the enterprise organization.Third, having made the benefit to Weber's proposition societyWeber hot research promoted the development of China academic field of vision at present, but there are still not unprecedented research about religious ethics and the market economy relational question , as for the religious ethics and the economical relations we could see mostly was centers on the function aspect of Protestantism ethics which produced to the capitalist economy development and the capitalism spirit, mainly stressed on the general economic ethics question, or analyzed entire social ethics behavior. Through researching Ming and Qing Dynasties Jin business, the Weber proposition has the vacillation at least: That the ancestor worship of Ming and Qing Dynasties Jin business and patriarchal system interweaving, Confucianism confluence forming the huge god respectfully, the complex order of religious rite system passes through different stages of Jin business survival, construction and development; the practical rational energetic characteristic, the ancestor and family's spiritual prop, geography region business group cause the religion ethics at modern times and the Jin business economy to form the interaction; The contract system regulation compensation, business morality of waiter system, the practical rationality of guild regulations are astonishing similar to Calvin's inherent responsibilities and summon discussion. The function which Jin business clubhouse, family ancestral hall, folk temple, Duke Guan Holy Ghost, trade route and play road performance religious ethics heteronomy constitutes integrity value system of Jin business religion ethics with filial piety ethics, mercy ethics, good and evil ethics, good faith ethics, diligent and thrifty conduct. Chinese religion ethics at modern times played the very important role in the aspect of development direction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Jin business economy. Without the religious ethics transforming the examining god law into the individual morals autonomy through the individual behavior model and the custom carrier, it is impossible to maintain commercial sustainable development. Historical development single theory of factors is not comprehensive, the economical premise and condition are not only decisive at least.Fourth, deficiency of this articleThe economy religious ethics agent of Ming and Qing Dynasties Jin business is an overlapping topic which involves multiple science including history, traditional culture, religious, social, ethics, the management and so on. As to my limited knowledge structure, this article demonstrates insufficient consummation to historical data analysis of Ming and Qing Dynasties Jin business. It is necessary to make further thorough understanding and grasping to Comte, Duer Kime, Weber religious sociology method. Certain judgments is possibly not extremely strict; Regarding such proposition which Jin business spirit for the first time is proposed as the religious ethics morals return, it is also necessary to make more thorough explanation and literature textual criticism theoretically. It is necessary to strengthen, enrich and enhance the next research about the overseas correlation domain research comparison model, domestic Ming and Qing Dynasties ten big business groups'cultural contrast and corresponding knowledge reserve.
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