The Grammatical Study On The Verbs Of Jinpingmei

This thesis takes the verbs of Jinpingmei as the research object. The verbs of Jinpingmei can be divided into eight categories based on the grammar features and semantic characteristics: action verbs, state verbs, judgement verbs, auxiliary verbs, mental verbs, causative verbs, directional verbs and existent verbs, relation verbs. This thesis attempts to predicate and analyze the characteristics of all kinds of these verbs separately and try to explain relative phenomena. We can understand the fundamental grammar and semantic situation of the verbs in Jinpingmei from the researches and find the inheriting trace of the grammatical development from Ming Dynasty till now. The study on the verbs of Jinpingmei can afford profitable reference for the study of the Chinese language history. The paper consists of nine chapters:The first chapter is introduction which introduces the general research situations about the verbs of Jinpingmei, the rules to dividing the verbs, the research objective and methods for the paper.The second chapter is the study on the judgement verbs. The judgement verbs can be divided into three categories: the verbs like shi(是), the verbs like xiang(像), the verbs like jiao(叫). The second chapter gives an exhaustive description and explanation of all the three categories and mainly analyzes shi(是), the verbs like xiang(像) and the sentences made up of them.The third chapter is the study on modal auxiliary verbs. The modal auxiliary verbs are divided into possible verbs, willing verbs and necessary verbs. The use of the modal auxiliary verbs has become complicated. They can enter positive sentence, negative sentence and double negative sentences. They can make up of declarative sentence, interrogative sentence and imperative sentence etc.The fourth chapter is the study on the mental verbs. The mental verbs are divided into five categories: mood verbs, emotion verbs, perceptive verbs, cognitive verbs and causative verbs. The fourth chapter analyzes the characteristics of each kind of the mental verbs and divides each kind into different semantic categories.The fifth chapter is the study on the existent verbs. The existent verbs can be divided into three categories: existent verbs, appearance or disappearance verbs and increase or decrease verbs, the function of you(有)is the most complicated comparing with the other verbs. You(有)have various meanings such as existence, possession, comparison and measurement etc. You(有)can make up of many forms of sentences including simple sentence and complicated sentence.The sixth chapter is the study on directional verbs and gives a detailed description and explanation of the numbers, semantic and syntactic functions. The directional verbs can serve as predicate and complement. The directional verbs can enter various kinds of sentences when they serve as predicate and they can denote direction meaning, result meaning and dynamic meaning when they serve as complement. Their syntactic function is very close to the contemporary Chinese language, but there still exist some differences, such as some directional verbs of Jinpingmei have disappeared or exist in some dialects. There are "V+jiang(将)+qu(趋)" structures and completive directional complement with "dei(得)".The seventh chapter is the study on the causative verbs. The causative verbs are divided into three categories: imperative verbs, causative verbs, and permission verbs. The semantic and syntactic characteristics of the verbs are fully discussed. The fifth chapter also compares the imperative structure and causative structure, and analyzes the verbs such as jiao(教),ling(令),shi(使),jiao(叫),jiao(交)emphatically.The eighth chapter analyzes the semantic and syntactic characteristics of the action verbs and state verbs generally and investigates the mutual verbs at details. The number of the action verbs is the largest. Both the action verbs and state verbs can be divided into monovalent verbs, bivalent verbs and trivalent verbs.The ninth chapter is the conclusion which summarizes the dissertation and indicates the deficiencies.