"Nationality" Subject Changing With Chinese Modern Literature

The dissertation inspects and elaborates the question of the "Nationality" subject changing with Chinese modern literature, taking thorough analysis of Lu Xun "the nationality" the thought and the novel creation as the guiding principle of the dissertation, passing through throughout. Tracing the source of "the nationality" subject,synthesizing the method of the lasted longitudinal research, the parallel research and the comparison research, elaborating it changes the process and the characteristic in the modern literature development, what's involved in the deeper stratification plane is the relation between the literature and the initiation, revolutionary, saving the nation from subjugation as well as the writer own mind change in the modern literature development.It makes the etymology inspection of "the nationality" in the first part of the introduction, and elaborates inherence reason which makes a detour the intrinsic agent take Liang Qichao as representative's evening clear intellectual to the origin to Europe which Japan "the nationality" the theory accepted. Next, outlined the approximate vein which in modern west culture text China "the nationality" the words forms. Finally , It elaborates the multiple conformity and the meaning production of "the nationality" under the late clear historical linguistic circumstance. The dissertation believes that "the nationality" theory is accepted in the late Qing dynasty by the Chinese,but it doesn't certainly contain the approval of the colonialism. As the Chinese modern intellectual accept the theory of "the nationality",It is understanded and utilized only in the stand of enlighten,As soon as starts, It takes revolts against colonialist's nationality to oppress,the realization national revival as the direction.The dissertation combs "the nationality" thought of the late Qing dynasty- Five– four in the first chapter,Analysing and describing the subject start of "the nationality". "The new people" theory Liang Qichao proposed formed a universal public opinion in late Qing dynasty and becomed Five - four nationalistic critiques ideological trend the important thought origin. The Five - four makes "the national" idea of the modern times realize transformation from "the group" to "individual". "individual" is proposed as the goal of the transformation "nationality" .The standpoint establishment of "Individual standard" causes Five - four times "the nationality" the transformation ideological trend first to aim to has enslaved the person, immobilizes person's spirit Confucianist ethics culture critique. At the same time, Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren have also criticized the negative influence of the Taoism culture in the cultural in-depth to the Chinese nationalistic. The "nationality" start of the late Qing dynasty- Five– four novels, beginning with the summons of Liang Qichao "novel revolution". the basic reason Liang Qichao initiating the new novel is to load bearing the initiation proposition of "the new people" by novel. Five - four times transformations "the nationality" the artistic practice cultural angle of view first extended to China's local society. Lu Xun will transform "the nationality" the initiation subject will set to the regional literature domain. Latter gets up to Five - four New Culture Movement local writer of fiction, its work basic subject image , demonstrated "the nationality" critique tradition determination has inherited to Lu Xun.The second chapter mainly elaborates the ideology alteration and the novel creation of Lu Xun "the nationality". That is the core content which this article elaborates. Elaboration of "the nationality"subject changes which to the modern literature is basically based on the value orientation, the subject image, the narration pattern, the cultural angle of view, the artistic characteristic which "the nationality" the thought and the novel creation manifests by Lu Xun launches for the foundation. "The indentation between the nose and the upper lip" is the beginning and the end-result of Lu Xun's transforms the nationalistic thought .Lu Xun's guiding principle which taking "the indentation between the nose and the upper lip" as the center to transform the Chinese society take is includes "takes now" and"restores the old" the dual meaning, "takes now" and "restores the old" these two aspects inseparable to constitute Lu Xun "the indentation between the nose and the upper lip" the thought whole. It is just in the stratification plane of life that Lu Xun found the conjunction spot between"to take now" and "to restore the old". Seeking the source or origin of life in the culture of our nation constitutes the inner links between Lu Xun's thoughts of"to restore the old" and the thoughts of "to rebuild the nationality". About Lu Xun's "Call" and "Pace back and forth", this article starts with trying to feel his life experiences of childhood, youth period, the time of studying in Japan and the ten years'silence before"May Fourth", and then explains the reason why Lu Xun formed the will of animadverting on the "nationality" in his "Call" and "pace back and forth". Lu Xun's from our people's life condition didn't stop on the surface, but penetrated further to the deep layer of seeking the whole nation's consciousness and the meaning of life, taking"people" as the root becomes the conjunction spot between Lu Xun's thoughts of animadverting on the "nationality" and the philosophy ponder on life existence. This also made "Call" and "pace back and forth" surmount the sole initiation stratification plane by multiple thoughts under the main subject of animadverting on the "nationality". About"Story Newly organized ", this article mainly elaborated on the historical source of Lu Xun's rebuilding the"nationality". Seeking the origin of a nation's culture from history and realizing reconstruction of a nation's spirit is the primary intention of "Stories Newly organized". Under such creation intention, "Stories Newly organized" portrayed three groups of pedigrees, the pedigree of creating the world (to create lives), the pedigree of Yu-Mo spirit and the pedigree of ancient saint. In "Overcome the nature" and "Rush to the Moon", Lu Xun summoned that the nation originally owned the spirit of "creating the world "; In "Cast the Sword", "No Attack" and"Rational Water", Lu Xun coordinated with the idea of"China's back" through the pedigree construction of "Yu-Mo spirit". In "Cai Wei", "Go out of the great wall" and "Recover from Die", Lu Xun made up the scenario of digging the ancestral graves of"Ru"and"Dao", through a group of compares that formed by the images of Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi and Nu Wa, Da Yu,Mo Zi, Lu Xun continued his ponder on the " nationality". At the same time, there is also praise besides criticism to the"Ru"and"Dao", demonstrating the spirit of selected inheriting.Third chapter elaborated on the inheriting and variation of the subject of"nationality". Beijing style critics and writers represented by Zhu Guangqian, Li Changzhi and Shen Congwen hoped to realize"the beautification of life"through literature, then fulfilling the rebuilding of the"nationality". This coordinated with the spirit of"May Fourth New Literature" that rebuild the national spirit with literary arts. Shen Congwen observed citizens from the perspective of "the value and significance of life ", his writing "the Western Hunan World" is the existence comparing with the metropolis, which is considered the carrier of his esthetic emotion, value judgment and life ponder. Shen Congwen intended to enlighten the people's belief in life and realize the reconstruction of people's outlook towards life through a kind of"life form that is exquisite, healthy and does not disobey the human nature" displayed. And, from "Border town" to "Perpetual flow", Shen Congwen's ponders on rebuilding the nation's character deepened step by step, transferred his thoughts from taking life as essence to the ideal of rebuilding the "nationality". Since the 1940s, "July writers " represented by Hu Feng and Lu Ling, persisted in enlightening the people's spirit with literary arts, while inheriting Lu Xun's spirit of rebuilding "the nationality" , they made some changes under the new environment. Hu Feng proposed that a writer spirit of faces up to" the spirit enslaves" has a close relationship with the writer's absorption of realistic life with " the subjective spirit of fight ". Writer's criticism of people's spirit enslaves, is just through the writer's"subjective spirit of fight"to realize. This is a process of"bidirectional initiation" and"bidirectional transformation", is to pay dual attention to the main body of torchbearer and his counterpart. Different from "the numb national soul" under Lu Xun's writing, the characters'spirit world under Lu Ling's writing is forever crazy and tempered restless, they soberly realize the tragedy of their self- destiny, as well as the wounds added to by the society and other people, they fight against the wounds while bearing them, finally to oneself strangles to death strangles to death the wound, this is Lu Ling in carries on "the wound which the spirit enslaves" in the writing prominent characteristic. The transformation "the nationality" is the time proposition which under the late clear time East and West civilization collision produces beginning, from produces on has not throughout been separated from the China and the West culture comparison the angle of view. Lin Yutang "the nationality" looks after in the China and the West dual culture field of vision, takes "Our country and our People" as the turning point, the preceding stage in carries on "the nationality" again take the western culture as the reference the critique and "the nationality" the improvement, the latter stage in to the west introduced again the Chinese culture and remoulds in the western Chinese image. Lin Yutang is returns view by the modern west culture value principle, filters the China traditional culture, did to the Chinese culture has personally melted selects takes ;Simultaneously returns the view west culture after such conformity Chinese culture, resists under the western modern material civilization the human nature disease. In addition, face western Chinese culture writing, enable Lin Yutang's writing strategy in the certain degree to have "complied with west" the characteristic, also presented certain "the self- Eastern principle" in the work the description. Under but has the same foreign land culture writing experience Lao She, in the England London time novel creation, the novel "Two Horses", the centralism has indicated Lao She in particular carefully examines to the East and West culture reconstructs "the nationality" the ideal. From England London time to Sino-Japanese Wartime, Lao She's transformation "nationality" ideal throughout concerns with him to the national destiny misery relates, In the value orientation, throughout taking the national nationality as the starting point, and taking "nationality" rebuilding newborn as the foundation for the nationality which settles down and gets on with life.Fourth chapter key inquired into "the nationality" the subject with severs in modern literature disappearing. 1920's later periods, when warmly brims with revolutionary youth time main tide definition when "revolution" on, literature main tide also along with it from Five - four times to "person's spirit" writing changed to "the spirit of the age" explanation. The collectivism is regarded as the new spirit of the age the main value principle, the populace is this kind of new value principle load. The 1920's last stages later in the revolutionary literature, under in the Sino-Japanese War literature theory standard literary criticism and the literature creation, once will attribute the simpleminded weak national image to Five - four times "Arab League Q", initiatedan image turn over, that was Arab League Q not only already awakens, moreover grew day by day in the war into the hero. The creation "the wartime heroic literature" becomes the 1940's patriotisms literature creation the important constituent. The reflection narrates in the hero "the populace to worship", also comes from to the wartime literature theory external initiative, simultaneously also comes from in the war writer's intrinsic life feeling, inquires into consciousness is the Sino-Japanese War time many China writer's common psychological trend. 1940 ages, the writer which rushed toward Yenan regarding the majority said that, right "Five - four" the tradition the cultural brand mark which inherited, the initiation consciousness," the individuality principle" is it motions a person to not go. Ding Lingyu 1940 at the beginning of ages published "Me in Rosy cloud Village Time" and "in Hospital",by the character and the environment contradictory conflict , has reappeared"special individual" and "the commonplace audiences" confronts "the nationality" the critique subject pattern, revealed the transformation "the nationality "initiation consciousness. But, at the beginning of the 1940's Yenan writers, they to Five– four initiations traditions inheriting, are in certainly do not touch the revolutionary political power under basic political principle inheriting. When under critique initiation consciousness discovered in "the nationality" when still is and Five - four times similar questions, the critique actually is unable to continue thoroughly. Thus has no alternative but to present in theDing Ling's novel for the text interior self- subversion, namely political text to initiation text dispelling. 1942 spring, Yenan started to be for the purpose of inheriting Five - four initiations spirits tradition the essay writing upsurge.Mao Zedong "at Yenan Forum or seminar on literature and art Speech" center, explicitly proposed the literary arts "the workers, peasants and soldiersdirection", had expounded about "eulogy" and "exposition" the relational question, has established Yenan (liberated area) the literary arts "the people's standard" view, thus has established the forbidden area as writer's creation. The intellectual initiation spirit and the critique standpoint attenuation and the rule and regulations, individuality consciousness and independent moralcharacter losing , fundamentally symbolized take bases on the national spirit transformation as the main characteristic initiation principle literature in Yenan's end. After the Yenan rectification of literature in 1942, Although promulgating populace's mental defective becomes the forbidden area, the feudalism culture continues in populace psychology and deceives populace spirit, which doesn't thoroughly vanish along with populace's politics stands up. Although revealing the worry about the farmer culture under the new times in Zhao Shuli's novel, actually could not but carry on the compromise with the time politics.The "Happy ending" creation pattern meant in Yenan's comprehensive return solves all questions optimism to the revolution, stands up from failure to the revolutionary victory under with turns recognizing which the heart accomplishes the whole task at one stroke, revolutionized has realized "the nationalcorrigibility" which wrote to Five - four times the reality redeemed. Although the initiation literature subject Transformation of "nationality" although has severed in Yenan in the 1940's, The Chinese's spiritual crux and the cultural crux certainly it demonstrating have not actually vanished. "the nationality" question is " motions a person to not go" a topic in the late Qing dynasty's Chinese literature.The conclusion part summarizes the development of "the nationality" subject in the creation of modern writer since late Qing dynasty to create in the modern writer, the communication and the difference. Writer literature expression and artistic image which under the question ponder produces in "the nationality", attributed under the different historical stage the Chinese culture, the literature unique development, has toed make clear writer's self- mind change as well as nationality's spiritual change.