Study Of Civil War In Sudan

Directed by historical materism of Marxism, with the help of the theories of the history, of the politics and of the nationality, the dissertation is focused on the civil war in Sudan, places the emphasis on exposing its nation-state building, and revealing its characteristics and laws, through the methods of the whole, the comparison etc. The dissertation includes the preface, the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. In the preface, the author introduces the purpose of this thesis, including its meaning, the present achievements at home and abroad, and its studying methods.The introduction is aimed at exposing the theory of nation-state, the relations between the tribe, the religion, the ethnicity and nation-state, the theory of nation-state building and the problem of nation-state building in Sudan. The main body consists of three parts. The first part is the first charpter in which the historical South-North relations and the creation way of Sudan are expounded. The second charpter is the second part which introduces the main factors that affected the civil war. From chapter three to five, the dissertation studies the situation of South-North relations, the development of the war plus the chatacteristics of nation-state building respectively under three parliamentary systems and military rules.In this dissertation, it is thought Sudan's independence in 1956 only got the fundamental form of nation-state. As a de-colonization state, it faces the arduous task of nation-state building. In this man-made political unit, the old scores, the differences of religions, languages and cultures between the South and the North, the consolidation of the regional consiousness by British policy of "divide and rule" made the South and the North become two entirely differet entities. On independence, Sudan was in the danger of the South's separation. The Torit mutiny in 1955 ignited the fires of the war, and also was the antagonism of the South and the North. After independence Sudan must realize the reorganization of the whole people, eliminate the South-North differences by the nation-state building. However, when it was underway, its guidance was Arabism, Islam and Arabic were praised highly. The governments attempted to reorganize the people through Arabization and Islamization, at the same time, excluded the other ethnicity, especially the Southerners, and denied their cultures. This encountered the fierce revolt of the South. The Southerners founded different political and military organizations to resist the governments. The war dominated their relations, and also tore the country. Under the guidance of Arabism, the nation-state building was seriously twisted. "Sudanism", put forward by Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement in 1983 was a new state consciousness, and was also a new national identity that overrided Arabism and Africanism, has become the tie of all the people. Now, Sudan is still in the process of nation-state building.Finally, it is concluded that the nation-state building of Sudan has the characteristics as follows: 1.The nation-state' orientation was deviated. 2. The state-building and the nation-building was disjointed. 3. Tha war became the power of nation-state building. 4. The religion and the ethnicity made rival claims as an equal to the nation-state.