The Transition Tang And The Five Monks Groups

Tang Dynasty And the Five Dynasties is a period that the society of nobles is placed by the society of commoners. After the turbulent period caused by An Lusan and Shi Siming, the intelligentsia of the family of the power and influence is gradually placed by the intelligentsia of the family of commoners, the intelligentsia of the family of commoners is becoming the centre of the social political and cultural life. In contrast to the intelligent of the family of power and influence, the intelligentsia of the family of commoners loses the power of resisting with the emperor, and his interest turns from purse the metaphysics theories to purse the practicality. Chinese intelligentsia is the prolocutor of Chinese traditional culture. The China turn of Buddhism theories is largely decided by the intellgensia's attitude. The remodel of the intelligentsia brings the remodel of the Buddhism by all means. The lay Buddhist and the monks who were defeated in the imperial examination influence the Buddhism of Tang Dynasty inside and outside: The Buddhism is submitting to the power of the emperor; the monks turn their attentions from the Buddhist theories to the comprehend of theirs minds.With the transformation, a special community- the poem monk community comes tobeing. The community is result of mutual effect of Buddhism culture and Chinese Confucian culture. They try to melt the permeate the Buddhism into Confucian learning , poem, calligraphy , pictures ,etc , so as to increase the influence of Buddhism. At the same time, they are more and more close with the intelligentsias. In all Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties ,the poem monk community has been in conflicts between being born and retiracy .Buddhism and outer learning .They are different from the poem monk community of the Six Generations who is observant of the Buddhist commandments. They are different of the poem monk community after Song Dynasty who is assimilated by the intelligentsia .In this process , Shiseng have been standing with the pain and sufferings of the mind.The poem monk community of Tang Dynasty had experienced three periods: "poem being outer learning " , " both poem and Buddhism being important ", and "the poem permeating in Buddhism ". In this period, they create in the literature and the innovation of the literature theories ,and do many beneficial quest. Their tries have opened the poem of Song Dynasty in some aspects. As turn along with their scholar of deepen, their influence upon the scholar and scholar literature also declines gradually, and are assimilated by the scholar literature finally.The text regards the poem monk community of the whole Tang Dynasty as a big community. The big community is divided into several small communities .From the region angle, there are Palace poem monk community , the poem monk community of Jiangzuo area and Dunhuang poem monk community; from their experiences , it is divided into the poem monk community who return to secular lift and take the imperial examination and popular poem monk community; by their nationalities, there are the poem monk community coming from Korea and Japan, the poem monk community coming from West Regions , Chinese monk community who goes to India for Buddhist writings ,and Chinese poem monk community who goes to Japan for spreading abroad Buddhist theories. Through the concrete investigating the transformation of all these communities ,there is a custom tendency that the poem monk are more and more secular, and the intelligentsia and the poem monk are assimilated together.