The Edge Of The Free

After raising the research subject "Chinese literature and college culture in the 20th century", the research world produced a series of effective research results. But the synthetically study about the relationship between Stated Qingdao/Shandong University and Chinese modern literature is still blank. To observe the relationship between modern university and modern literature of China, usually by observing the relationship between the professors colony,students colony and modern literature of China. But in the thirties the campus literary achievements of Stated Qingdao/Shandong University were mainly created by "the Professor and Writer". Therefore the soluble problem of this thesis is striving for clarifying the complex relationship among "the Professor and Writer", Stated Qingdao/Shandong University in 1930-1937 and the literary world then by way of the detailed research in the light of literary behavior and thinking spirits for this special literature "the Professor and Writer". Digs up these "professor writers's"literature achievement and the particular value of the strive for literature during the state-maintained Qingdao City / ShanDong University period, as well as the influence to their literature and life selection of the life of this particular period and creation. During the process of writing this essay, I require eagerly to come back the historical scene for excavating and arranging the original historical date in order to reveal the creation and effect of "the Professor and Writer"and give the original face of history. And pursuing the theory depth of the history narrative on the basis of owing a large amount of first hand materials as possible as I can, making a reasonable summary to the object of study. Chapter one Stated Qingdao/Shandong University: A free literary estuary. "The Professor and Writer"of state-maintained Qingdao City / ShanDong University was not a colony﹑college or school of literary creativity. There is no unified creative purpose and literary suggestion, even no in front and behind continual fixed publication to publish the achievements. They were sequences of in front and behind chargeable and independent individual existence between each other. Every "the Professor and Writer"had an individuality research area and creative favor. Their literatural actions during this period of time have great meanings to their lives. This chapter, I want to analyze the reason and process of form "the Professor and Writer"phenomenon specially: The edge geographic place far from politics﹑cultural center and proper climate are the environmental factors that attract "the Professor and Writer". Two presidents "the Writer and Headmaster"enlightened ness, democracy free teaching method and literary theory are the humanistic factors that attract the coming of edge-minded "the Professor and Writer". School's free rational literature concept and atmosphere are the most suitable soil to breed free pure literature, and it is the pivotal matter to attract the free coming person of crescent faction. They can do free creation without the impact of some fashionable literature elements here. The soul of them to pursuit free literature exactly the same as school's literature spirit, they have been done important contribution to the development of pure literature, one of the Chinese literary branches. The "crescent"freedom corporation with school' free humanism soul have advanced to consolidate the school' free literature spirit. Chapter two Wen Yiduo: The finish from poet to be a scholar. This chapter analyze the product reason,connotation and aesthetic meaning of poet-《marvel》. The viewpoint of this chapter is: Wen Yiduo had finished the progress from a poet to be a scholar in Stated Qingdao University. The symbol is working out a sort of study terms about Tang poet and publishing in succession part of study results. Next studying further the main reason of finish "turning": Having many kinds of potential elements; cannot fitthe environment; displeasure about creative situation of new poet; having a deep love for motherland and its traditional culture and so on. The turning of Wen Yiduo stands for having no choice but to choose part of Chinese liberalism intellectual, who cannot accept the intense and patriotic manner, and come back to The classical document to seek "prescription"for saving country. Chapter three Shen Congwen: From recall to reality. Shen Congwen's creation in Stated Qingdao/Shandong University came into first harvest in the thirties. Free Stated Qingdao/Shandong University provides chance and condition for his quiet thinking and creation. The home village's literature in Shen' period puts up the concern from innocent village's memory to realistic problem. Or the reduce of village recall' profession and the increase of responding to revolution and realistic profession. In other words the home village literary creation mixes more things except village's humanity. For example, the attitude of looks on for revolution, even the writing for dispelling the lofty meaning of revolution and so on. The city 'criticize in this period changes more implication and philosophic, comparing to showing off the primitive life energy without reservation and ironing caustic the city humanity. The turning of city space in Shen Congwen' creation plays an important part in promoting him to surpass himself. At this time, not only the rich creations he was achieved, but also the change of a good deal of consciously calm thinking about realistic, and his create mood was tending quiet. Chapter four Lao She: Walking out sophisticate. In 1934 Lao She came to Stated Shandong University from Qi Lu University. Lao She had been had the wish to walk out sophisticate when he was in Qi Lu University. The experience of novel《Cate City》is the best example. After finishing 《iron cattle and ill duck》《black and white Li》and so on, Lao She ' attitude has changed, "don't want to play but do it well". So Lao She who was in the Stated Shandong University, wrote a lot of delegate works: 《yue yaer 》《Duan Hun Qiang》《Old Tragedy in Epoch》. By 1936 the novel that is thinkingserious how to improve national people's luck named 《Luo Tuo Xiang Zi 》was achieved. It is a symbol that he really walked out sophistication and became a "serious writer"with tearful smile. So the two years, Lao She was in Stated Shandong University from 1934 to 1936, was the key period of his creative mood change. But there is a part in this time, it can be said interim. Or it seeks for comfortable and freedom in period of 《Bi Shu Lu Hua》in 1935. Therefore in this time, the change progress of Lao She' mood was "walk out sophistication—leisure freedom—thinking seriously". The serious thinking of changing national problems, the deeo critical about society and culture, and the anxious about westernizing phenomenon, especially in Qingdao, which means that Lao She became the delegate of "serious writer"after "walking out sophistication". Chapter five Liang Shiqiu: Retreat in order to advance. Liang Shiqiu seek freedom , equality and normal reason, which were untimely with the radical doctrine and times atmosphere of utilitarianism , and suffer criticizing of person such as Lu xun etc. In August of 1930, Liang Shipiu who was very depressed leaving Shanghai which was the center of politics and culture to Stated Qingdao University, It looked like "avoiding"or "defeating". In fact, it was collected and prepared for him to recognize the reality and himself, and rebuild the free discourse of literature. In Stated Qingdao/Shandong University, the largest achievement was: He carried out a set of academic actions such as teaching translation, which was prepared objectively with his ideological ideas and literary whereabouts. After four years 'rest and reorganization, Liang Shiqiu had a clear view of society situation. At the same time the insistence for literary freedom, which precipitated in his deep heart, made finally him returned the center of culture. Chapter six Hongshen: The effect f on campus's left flank discourse. Relatively with autocratic civilization and the speech , left wing literature what one says and freedom literature what one says equally belong to rebel's what one says . Being compared with liberalism literature , the left wing literature of Qingdao City / ShanDongUniversity is in continuously the weak power state . The weight of campus left wing what one says has been made heavier in the arrival of Hong Shen . He was one of the "professor writer"stand together with advance student that not many in State-maintained ShanDong University. Many efforts such as his literature and art thought and modern drama and film that he creates literature play as well as the guidance student drama performance of organized body etc, have given rise to the profound and lasting influence to the campus left wing what one says . Chapter seven 《Diao Dou 》and 《Bi Shu Lu Hua》.《Diao Dou 》was published which started by students, yet it published many essays of "the professor and writer". Therefore the fixed point for its research is the influence of "the professor and writer"for its students and writers. For example, the publication inherits essentially , the thoughtful subject of "for human life"in "the May 4th"enlightenment period, this can not separated the influence from the professors. 《Bi Shu Lu Hua》was the literature and art supplement of 《the Qingdao City people newspaper 》, publish state-maintained ShanDong University "professor writer"and other civilization essence's works , familiar essay that to be mostly at will leisurely and comfortable and comes loose discusses etc , but the periodical doing seeks "in order to avoid the fierce heats of the Kuomintang "and "sends out the authority of literature and art person "of《Bi Shu Lu Hua》, has caused the concern of the literary world.