Song Poems History

The article was consisted of the preface, eight chapters and the ending conclusion, near 290,000 words.Preface, pointed out the sense of the History-Intoned Poetry and the present situation of research, considered that the present situation of research was insufficient. On another occasion, narrated the method and the train of thought.The First Chapter, The Definition, Range and Producing Source of the History-Intoned Poetry.The History-Intoned Poetry was the type reciting and thinking the history and ancient palace. It could express feeling and show discussion, use to entertainment, allegory and education. Discussed problems about it, such as the historicized myth and lore; the difference between it and allusion; the relation to epic, the poetry showing important events of the present society and the Mind-Showed Poetry. The producing reasons were the productive style of agriculture, the ancient culture of the Confucian school and Taoism, forefather worship, rich history works, the poetry spirit, the special concept about time and space, the cultural circumstance of the feudal system, the ancient scholar's real state and alone soul.The Second Chapter The Xianqin Dynasty—The Sprouting PeriodThe some poems of The Book of Songs sang forefathers, satirized reality and cherished the native country. They had the History-Intoned factors. But the epic was main. It had big distance compared with the later History-Intoned Poetry, because it had collective nature on writing, theological color, faint feeling. Because of personal feeling and philosophical thought, QuYuan'LiSao, TtianWen and Xunzi' ChengXiangZaCi had strong history-intoned nature. But in these works, the history were not main part, they cann't be designed as the History-Intoned Poetry.The Third Chapter The Han Dynasty—The Shaping Periodthe History-Intoned Poetry of the Han Dynasty can be divided into the Yuefu and The Non-Yuefu. The mount of Yuefu type was more. The musical nature was strong, sometimes can decide the poem's feature. It can be used to express feeling or entertain. Showed the initial function of satirizing reality and expressing feeling. Firstly used or established the History-Narrating, DaiYan and History-Discussing style. The Non-Yuefu's amount is little, because scholar's writing direction changed into CiFu and the Han-Dynasty's poems were lost largely. BanGu's the History-Intoned Poetry symbolized the the History-Intoned Poetry's formation, made the History-Intoned Poetry had the earliest appearance in the history of ancient poetryThe Fourth Chapter The Wei and Jin Dynasties—The Developing and Mature PeriodThe YueFu type of Wei Dynasty emphasized expressing ambition and feeling. the new function were as follows. Allegorized the present politics and showed practical feature. On the musical nature,it can advocate political attitude and mildly expressing feeling through the popular music's superiority on propagation and acceptance. It can dispose of the relation about the song, title and phraseology by better way, established the History-praised style and the form of reciting many figures. The Non-YueFu type expressed the cognition of life and feeling; opened up hermitage theme; disclosed the sign of the present and ancient's mergence; firstly used Six-Character style; presaged the maturity of the History-Intoned Poetry, etc.Jin Dynasty's History-Intoned Poetry get into mature period. The amount and quality clearly increased or raised compared with before. ZuoSi and Tao-Yuanming made it into mature period. The Eastern Jin had little authors in the writing state, analysed the reason. The period established the subject matter of history female, opened up theme recognized the philosophy through sighing over the history, showed the development information. The features of Yue-Fu type were as follows. The story style was current, it consolidated the History-Narrating; The Confucian tendency was serious, the praise was theme tendency; parted from the tradition of satirizing reality and expressing ambition. In order to getting rid of the refined limit, the period began to produce new song and used to entertain.Through textual research, considered that ZuoSi's the History-Intoned Poetry's time was in the concentrated period from the first year of YongKang (300) to the second year of TaiAn (303). It was the work summing up poet's life. The connotation was rich. Criticism and show were unified. The history-intoned features were as follows. The pattern which the ancient and the present, history and "I" were stagger; nominal History-Intoned but really expressing mind; stress on financial situation, not historical deed. Expressed the impassioned feeling and ZuoSi's poem power; the plentiful fashion of History-Intoned; opened up group form. These features were the mature symbol of the History-Intoned Poetry.The mount of Tao-Yuanming' the History-Intoned Poetry was the largest in the before the Tang Dynasty. The themes were as follows. Expressed the indignant feeling during the period of changing dynasty, showed the recognition of hermitage and the faith of making himself feel comfortable, established the theme of feeling comfortable when in poor state, expressed philosophical recognition. The aesthetic sense was the revelation of the soul and mind. The style was that one poem only wrote one figure. The style was simple and mild. The four-character form was attractive; the poet also showed consciousness of writing the Group Poetry.The types of the Wei and Jin Dynasties had the History-praised, the History-narrated, the combination style of feeling and discussion and the Meditated- Past Poetry. These types settled the basic model of the History-Intoned PoetryThe Fifth Chapter The Southern and Northern Dynasties-the further Developing periodThe mount of poets and poems clearly increased compared with the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The fashion of title was plentiful. The poets and poems of the Northern Dynasty was few.The Meditated- Past Poems of the Southern Dynasty were more. Its contribution was established the negation structure and the history-intoned pattern of pursuing history and ancients in the historic site's scene depiction. Considered that the appearance and writing of FuDe style openedup the function of the words game. Discussed the the feminization and convergence of The YueFu type.The solidification and superficiality of YueFu were decided by entertainment nature. The nature reflected the cultural demand and showed the entertainment function of song and dance. It displayed the development of the History-Intoned Poetry's function. The Southern Dynasty had contribution to the development of art form, established the aesthetics trait of regarding sadness as beauty.Showing the personal charm was the aesthetic sense of Yan-Yanzhi's the Praise to Five Scholars. Presented the trait of revealing comprehensive personality and experience. Contained the change information from the ancient to the new style, indicated that the History-Intoned Poetry of this period should go into the age of new style.WenXuan firstly took the History-Intoned Poetry as important type according to some concerned principle, established its important place on the ancient poetry. The standard were as follows. Paid attention to the flowery language, the nature of emotion, reality and personality, laid stress on the development, etc.The Northern and Sui Dynasties opened up the positive structure. In a few of poets, we should pay attention to Li-Baiyao. He firstly took Meditated- Past as title. Took the ancient city as history object and firstly show the purport of prosperity and decline. Compared with the Southern Dynasty's florid style, The Northern and Sui Dynasties was desolate and vehement. The style related to the special nature of the northern culture and literature.The Sixth Chapter The Tang Dynasty -The flourishing Period (the initial stage)The flourish of the period's embodied many aspect. The reasons were as follows. Writers consciously studied and inherited the preceding stage's writing experience; The study style of attaching importance to history and imperial examination system; The poets' writing consciousness; The writers had plentiful chance for touching ancient sites because of entering into MuFu, traveling, holding the post of local government and demoting, etc. Moreover, according to the writing situation and features, divided the Tang Dynasty into initial stage, flourishing stage and middle and last stage.According to statistics, pointed out that the amount of initial stage was few, because of the main status of palace scholar in history-intoned writing.The political group composed of monarch and ministers of ZhenGuan was main body in the preceding period of the initial stage. Because of Confucian idea of art and literature, they praised and exhorted, showed the historical ideology of Confucianism. The poems had the nature of aiming at reality, showed the enlightened and unobstructed atmosphere of politics. But it paid much attention to the relation between history and reality, resulted in the feeling lack, was short of the art value.The palace scholars paid attention to FengHe, YingZhi and describing female. Poems were insipid, showed natures of serving emperor, strolling with emperor and writing by the order of emperor, had no real feeling. Of course, some poems sighed with deep feeling, had the sense of historical criticism.YueFu of old style of the scholars in lower levels initially showed the times' heroic spirit. The GeXing style had the sense of breaking the delicate general mood and opening up the characteristic style of Tang Dynasty. The other poems reflected the relation between paying attention to history andhistory-intoned. The new features of the Meditated-Past poetry were as follows. Had positive spirit, showed the combination of appreciating the hills and waters and mount the ancient site. The consciousness of historical rise and fall related to the prevailing custom of ZhouYi culture and the political situation of WuZhou taking the place of LiTang, etc.The contributions to opening up new theme were as follows. Expressed the thought about the relation between monarch and minister; showed the concept that the historical development was allocated by heaven, etc. the features were as follows. Resumed the strenuous style of Wei and Jin, simultaneously opened up the characteristic style of Tang; Solemn and stirring feeling and deep reason were united; Made the Meditated-Past poetry have the spirit of realism; produced the mergence of the meditated-past and history-intoned poetry, etc.The Seventh Chapter The Tang Dynasty -The flourishing Period (the flourishing stage)Poets excitedly gave praise to the grand times and emperor, showed the lofty sentiments and aspirations and the yearning to cooperation of monarch and minister. Opened up the leisurely and carefree mood. Although, they were also disappointed, had life heroism and times' spirit as before. They exposed some social problem and discussed the historical success and failure, but still had positive attitude of entering into the world.LiBai's poems had plentiful content. The themes achieved the organic union of inheritance and development. The features and achievements were as follows. GeXing style got rid of weak situation in content, realized the union of restoring ancient ways and innovating; showed in the statue of historical figures; established the conjunct pattern of the ancient and present, the nature of feeling capacity; the forms and style were plentiful.DuFu contributed to the acceptance of historical figure. DuFu highly praised Zhu-Geliang, showed his great spirit and directly affected the evaluation of the later ages. DuFu firstly took the writer as object, symbolized that writer as a special group entered into the poets' field of vision. He discussed the predecessors' achievement and trait. He showed The relation between the Hi story-Intoned Poetry and the ancient literature thought was initially by him.Moreover, the chapter observed and studied some questions about WuJun, such as the time when he became a Taoist priest, who was his teacher, life and works, etc. Pointed out that GaoShiYong mainly praised hermits. LanGu thought the life road. The two groups showed the strong color of Taoist. Realized the generality and individuality union on figures' status depiction. Had mild and heavy style, showed strong color of reason. GaoShiYong symbolized the produce of the large group Histroy-Intoned Poetry.The Eighth Chaper The Tang Dynasty -The flourishing Period (the middle and last stage)The social circumstance provided times hotbed for the flourish of the History-Intoned Poetry. But there were deep cultural reasons. Imperial examinations strengthened the historical content. The ruler had ideology of stressing on history, etc. The situation made scholars have to study history. Paying attention to history and study became the social morals. In personality, scholars naturally became intellectuals. They attached importance to historical knowledge. Under the circumstance, writing History-Intoned Poetry became the social morals.With strong critical spirit of reality, the period had more satire and criticism. Because scholar had become intellectuals, the poems often put forward new opinion, showed strong rationalistic spirit. Under the influence of circumstance and atmosphere, the poems filled with strong sentimentality. With the acceptance to Buddhism, the poems showed dense illusionism and negative life consciousness.Liu-Yuxi paid attention to the development rule of history, thought the basic reason about dynasty's rise and fall. He revealed the relationship of monarch and minister, early started the sentimental mood. On literature achievement, early opened up the History-Discussed pattern. The style was abundant, solemn and stirring; Paid attention to creating artistic conception, moved the feeling into it, some poems even produced the conclusion from artistic conception, therefore had long charm.DuMu's consciousness of discussing history and reversing verdict related to rational thought and changeful spirit of culture. Discussion was the most important feature. Moreover, the plentiful patterns of the Meditated-Past poetry and styles of the History-Intoned was the typical feature. The style of seven characters was main. It got high level of art.Li-Shangyin's poems had profound content. The themes show the nature of the inheritance and development. On the literature value, we should pay attention to that the history could produce the art nature and the connotation had the nature of tactful feeling. The two points had important sense in the history of the History-Intoned Poetry.The chapter observed and studied the writers, the record of the works and the editions about the group poems. Discussed the arrangement of system. The writing aim of group poems was to benefit the society and ruler. The sigh and thought conformed to traditional opinion. The discussion was mediocre, has the nature of generalization, introduction and superficiality. On the relationship to child education, some poems wrote for child, while the others was used because of the superficial feature, these poems open up the educational function. Moreover, the historical novels often quoted the poems. Analysed the reasons.The Ending conclusionThe History-Intoned Poetry had the process of development and mature. Every famous poet had contribution to the development. The History-Intoned Poetry related to historical science and other research fields. Its traits were as follows, the complex nature of development, the inclusive nature of theme, the strong function, the nature relating to other field. The basic reasons about these natures were as follows, the relation of history and reality, the complicated nature of reality and the historical culture.