The Discrimination On Yiwen Of Poetry Engaged In Archaeological Studies

The Book of Songs is the earliest anthology in China. The Book of Songs edited in the spring and autumn dynasty and was said to have been revised by Confucius. During the long period of its spreading, the differences in characters appeared, which is called Yiwen. The study on yiwen has a bearing not only on the meaning of songs and on the all-sided understanding of evolvement of The Book of Songs, but also it provides very precious material.This paper covers yiwen of the Book of Songs appeared in the inscriptions on the many bronzes, Shigu inscriptions, the Chu bamboo inscriptions of Xinyan, the Chu bamboo inscriptions of Guodian, the Chu bamboo inscriptions of Hongkong, the Chu bamboo inscriptions of Shanghai Museum, the Han bamboo inscriptions of Fuyan, the Han bamboo inscriptions of Wuwei, the Han inscriptions on stone, the Han inscriptions on the bronze mirror, the silk inscription of Mawangdui, the hand-copied book of Dunhuang, the hand-copied book of Tulufan, the hand-copied book collected in Japan. According to the list of article in Maoshi, this paper sets out yiwen sentence by sentence, then analyses clearly the cause of the produce of yiwen on the basis of other scholars' study. Contrasting many views, the writer chooses the superior and writes several sentences for supplement. What's more, this paper relates to the characters before Qin Dynasty, the characters in Han dynasty and the common characters in Tang Dynasty and Liuchao Dynasty. This paper analyses the yiwen from several aspects as follows:I. According to the examination of the yiwen of the Book of Songs, this paper sums up the type of yiwen, such as old characters and present characters, phonetic loan characters, error characters, variant characters' form, the common characters, synonym, duplication, haplography, reverse order and so on.II. According to the comparison of the yiwen. this paper puts some characters before Qin Dynasty in order and puts forward some explorative suggestion to the evolvement.III. According to the analyses the yiwen from the pronunciation, this paper supplies some foundation for phonetic loan characters and sums up the type, such as: the homophonic, the same initial consonant and the same vowel, the same initial consonant, the same vowel and so on. At the end of this paper there is a table of phonetic loan characters, enriching the materials of phonetic loan characters.IV. According to the discrimination of the common characters, this paper sums up the type of the common characters again on the basis of the others' study, adding the new type from the characters before Qin Dynasty, summarizing the regular pattern to some error phenomenon of characters.V. According to the comparison of the yiwen, we find the special phenomenon that there is no function in some text meanwhile. It plays important role in the study on the function and merits attention.