Pre - Qin Cultural Communication Research

Communication came with the born of human beings. However, the earliest communication was just confined to the living skills. Communication, which ensures the inheritance and development of human culture, plays a very important role in the development of the human society. It is just because the interruption or termination of the cultural communication that caused the extinction of the once glorious ancient civilization. Hence, cultural communication acts as a bridge, and it is a prerequisite and foundation of the subsistence and development of the mankind itself.Few scholars have made a research on the subject of Cultural Communication of Pre-Qin. Pre-Qin culture, the foundation stone of the study, is the beginning of the Chinese cultural communication and can give a full view of it. During this period the language and characters emerged, class and state came into being, private schools sprang up and the contention of a hundred schools of thought appeared. With all of these, cultural communication presented a unique charm of the early stage. Nearly all the phenomena and laws of the Chinese cultural communication began to germinate and take shape at this time. With its own communication characteristics, Pre-Qin culture has its unique subjects, ideas, models and laws of communication. The study of the communication of pre-Qin can instruct the practice of the whole Chinese cultural communication. Cultural Communication Study of Pre-Qin opens up a new subject in the field of communication. It is a cross-subject study mainly involving the Science of Culture, Communication, Literature, folklore, sociology, history and so on. Facing the increasing globalization and cultural imperialism, the study of the Pre-Qin cultural communication is favorable to the exploration and development of the Chinese culture and advances it towards the whole world.Communication began to be introduced into China during the 1940s and 1950s and until the 1980s the slogan of Communication Localization was put forward among the Chinese academic circles. In fact, this slogan is mainly aiming at the study of Chinese cultural communication. From then on, the experts are carrying on untiring research on it and have achieved a lot. However, there are still many problems on terms of the introduction, digestion and improvement of Communication. It has little theories and too much imitation; it lacks a scientific theoretical system; even no successors keep devoting themselves to studying the field. We are not supposed tohave so many deficiences as a great country which is rich in culture. Though Communication was introduced from the western countries, there were already dynamic communicative activities and much thinking on communication came into being during Pre-Qin period. Every school in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States was an advocator and a practitioner of Communication.On writing this dissertation, the writer adopts a new way. On one hand, he sets foot on the Chinese traditional culture and catches up with the advanced theory of Communication; on the other hand, he makes the research with initiative spirit of "setting by breaking" and proves it cautiously. By drawing on the related foreign theories and combining theory with historical facts ,establishing the scientific theory on the cultural communication with the historic documents as a breakthrough point, the recent discovery on archeology and achievements in academic research the author wants to set up a scientific system info of cultural communication. By the comparison of the cultural communication vertically and horizontally, the write makes it clearer and presents a full view of it, which is beneficial to make clear about cultural communication and furthermore take on the whole view of this field.However, Cultural Communication Study of Pre-Qin deals with too much to attend to each and every aspect. So that the author mainly adopts the methods of analyzing, induction and deduction in writing. In the research, the author also pays attention to the analyzing and use of some typical materials and classical examples in communication. In theoretical innovation, the author adopts the writing method of "brave assumption and careful reasoning" and carries on a deeply study on the models, the laws and the thought of the cultural communication of Pre-Qin. And some of the ideas are innovative and original. In order to ensure the scientificalness of the theory the writer especially refers to a large amount of materials to reason his points of vies and analyze the questions in dispute logically. Every point must be well-founded and every argument must have a source.In the innovation of the dissertation, the writer gives a full discussion on the theory according to the laws of Chinese cultural communication. For example, the writer puts forward a new interpretation on cultural communication. He thinks it is a kind of process communicating and inheriting the culture in the short or distant range, with a certain medium, in the form of oral language, words, pictures, audio and video frequency and so on. It is really a new large interpretation created according to the feature of ancient and modern cultural communication and embraces the mainmeanings of it.In the theory of communication, Lasswell ? Harlod D, the American expert, puts forward that there are five factors in communication, that is disseminator, audience, content, channel, and effect. The writer makes a new arrangement according to the laws of communication and brings forward the four-factor theory and combines disseminator and audience as communicating subject which affirms the audience's position completely. The respective characteristics of disseminator and audience has been studied systematically in this dissertation. The author doesn't regard the audience as a passive receiver because the audience also takes an active part in communication.So far, the word "carrier "has not been mentioned in the world of communication, while it is essential for the establishment of the theoretical system of communication. The writer interprets the "carrier" and differentiates it from "medium" clearly.lt includes the material objects such as tortoise shells, gold, stones, inscribed bamboo and wood slips, disks, hardware. At the same time, according to the features of Chinese cultural communication the writer puts forwards "material carrier" - using an image for an abstract concept - and makes a study of it in details.At present, there are still different opinions on terms of the transmitting means. Based on the historical development of the communication, some people regard transmitting means as a part of the Historical Process of Communication which is classified four periods: oral, word, print and electronic. They coexist and cannot be replaced by each other. Even during the most advanced electronic age, the four means exist at the same time. The writer puts forward five means of cultural communication: oral language, words, and pictures, audio and video frequency. The last two means are the further development of the first three based on the new technology. To be more specific, they are the extension of human organs such as mouth and ear. In this way, all the existing medium - the broadcast, TV, movies, satellite or the internet - can not do without the five means.When dealing with the transmitting material, the writer adds a topic called "aim of communication" in which the purpose and unconsciousness of cultural communication are to be discussed. The writer also talks about utilitarianism and the formation of ancient culture. In this paper the communication of literature, history, thinking, science and technology is included. The writer probes into the origin and development of cultural communicationEffectiveness is the ultimate aim of cultural communication. Among the Pre-Qinculture, there were lots of successful examples which the writer analyzes and induces and draw a theory. At the same time, the communication effects are deeply discussed esp. the feedback of communication and accordingly the author advances the theory of communication effect. By far the communication cybernetics is a sticky subject in the academic circles and is a very important topic concerning cultural communication. Therefore, the writer talks about cybernetics of communication model and sums up regulation of controlled-mechanism about it.About the study on communication model, communication channel is put into communication model as well as communication type for the writer holds the view that communication model can contain the whole course of communication although it is still regarded as one element of transmission by the west scholars by now. At the present time, there are two major communication models, that is, interpersonal communication and organizational communication. In Pre-Qin, the communication is one free and flexible civilian communication as well as one dominated by the administrative power of the country. In general, it is one communication of The writer studies the two types of organization-communication deeply and put forward his view that the character of cultural communication in china is "Unified domination and pluralistic coexistence", which makes one breakthrough and development at Sun xupei's idea of unify.At present, too much achievement is about micro-element of communication but little about macro-element of it. In a way, no study on macro, no comprehensive and scientific theory or promotion on actual practice of cultural communication. So it is really an innovation that the writer spends more on the study of macro elements. In the period of Pro-Qin, different schools held different ideas about communication. Those ideas have been the foundation stone of communication which deeply affected and prescribed the idea and model of cultural communication in china for more than 2000 years and became a fortune of Chinese traditional culture. The writer generalizes a kind of communication theory with Distinct Chinese characteristics not only by digging and appraising most achievements of Pro-Qin about communication, but also studying the classical samples of every times deeply especially the strategies, finesses and tenets of those in china. What the writer studies about cross-culture communication is instructive to the actual communication between different countries all over the world. In this dissertation, the writer presents three essential conditions of cross-culture communication including cultural differences, cultural approval andcommunication bridge. In addition, the writer studies other objects such as the human environment that can affect communication - the magnetic field of cultural commumcation.Through theoretical innovation, the writer is aiming at creating a scientific theoretical system about cultural communication and filling in the gap in studying communication localization, and at the same time the writer just throws out a minnow to catch a whale in the hope of more and more attention being paid to cultural communication and inspiring our studies on Chinese cultural communication.