Dancing And Singing After Flouncing Off The Nightmare Of Grammar

Had been covered under the shadow of the west literature from naissance, China modern poetry was deemed to be the poetry without tradition and root, as something drifting on water. So the MAY FOURTH modern poetry revolution was much reproached and oppugned as it was censured as a revolution which origined from western literature and divorced from the traditional poetry. How could it be? It was mainly caused by that the language and the form problems in modern poetry hadn't been properly resolved. Therefore combing of the relations between modern poetry and tradition, modern poetry and tradition, modern poetry and the influence of western literature becomes the urgent affairs to resolve the problem of modern poetry language and form. But the problem of modern poetry language and form, in the developing process of modern poetry is a very important problem which is always under dispute, because it relates to the essence construction of the verse. So it becomes a widespread concerned problem for the modern poetry researchers, and is regarded as the biggest problem of Chinese verse in 20 centuries. The problem of the language and form of the modern poetry is actually the problem of whether the colloquial language or the classical Chinese language is the language modern poetry should use, the problem that should modern poetry be metrical or free .If the modern poetry really should be the colloquial poem, the rationality of the colloquialism going into the poem , i.e. the inevitable reason must be explained thoroughly with the argument; If we say modern poetry should be metrical, we must explain and point out its general form of metre in theory; At the same time, the relation between freedom and metre must be clarified and argued afresh too. The language problem always knots together with form problem. On a certain meaning, the language is the form, the particular language always decides the particular artistic form. If the rationality, i.e. the inevitable reason of particular language usage can be found out and clarified , its artistic form can be certainly known and explained. So the relationship between the language and the form is actually like the two sides of one thing. One problem is resolved, the other one becomes clear soon. Furthermore, this primary problem of language and form resolved, many other problems within modern poetry will become very simple. Leave alone the language problem, the dispute of Free Verse School and Metrical Verse School in the style form of modern poetry has existed for long time. The Free Verse School believed that the modern poetry originated from the influence of the western free verse, and it liberated the poetry from the traditional old poem, as a result no standard form should be stressed on modern poetry, just let it be absolute freedom; The Metrical Verse School held that the essence of the poem lay in the metre, hence whether the modern poetry or tradtional poem should have metre. Furthermore the modern poetry should not study the western verse, but find way from the native traditional verse language literary style form. But the Metrical Verse School was also divided into three parties according to which traditional metre that the modern poetry should follow . One party held that modern poetry should use the classic FIVE or SEVEN rhythm, as it was the outcome of outside and artificial skills. The other one declared that the modern poetry should take the metre of the folk song as referrence, then the metre was an outcome of sentiment; Still there was a party can be called the eclecticism party, namely the third party, believed that the metrical form of the modern poetry should develop on the foundation of both classic verse and the folk song.This thesis deems that the west literature and the MAY FOURTH modern poetry revolution is really relevant, but the influence of west literature on odern poetry revolution is only an outside factor that induced the revolution. The inside factor is the development drived by the variational conflict in speech and written language, in one word, it is the outcome of the law of the development of the verse language literary style itself. So the modern poetry shouldn't deviate from and abandon the tradition, it must look for the development regulation in its mother colloquial verse tradition, look for the inside basis that modern poetry form is constructed on .Therefore this thesis attempts to break away from the former traditional criticism which was political and utilitarian, and renew the thought, convert the angle of view and the mode of thinking, investigates the problems such as the poem essence ,the difference between the verse language and usually language etc.from the views of the linguistics by methods of the esthetics, psychoanalysis psychology Adopted the above-mentioned theoretical methods of analysis, particularly the Jacques Lacan's unconscious language theories, this thesis will deduce that the essence of poem is a kind of a metrical language form, metre is the language form made by repetitious activity of unconsciousness, under the intense emotion power unconsciousness comes into a state of imagination and propels signifiant to do the repetition activity to approach signifie from a signifiant to another one ,so metre is the inevitable emergence of a kind of language form.So the differentiation between verse language and usually language lies in that verse language is unconscious language for expression of emotion, as a result it has repetitious metre form; It is a kind of rhythmical, opening, dynamic language; whereas the usually language belongs to the language of the reasonableness consciousness level, as a result has a lineal form of phrasing and logical structure, and it is a kind of static sign relatively. Further more this thesis announces that verse possesses a kind of propertynamely the speech art which expresses intense emotion and imagining by appealing to the voice performance as verse language is unconscious,thus verse language is different from the reasonable consciousness phonetic art of usual language .Namely the poem art is to express the emotion; The poem is a kind of art for imagining; The poem is the art of a kind of sense of hearing; The poem is a kind of colloquial language art. The thesis will further point out and demonstrate that the separation and self-contradict development between the spoken language and written language from the birth of written language made the separations and difference between the verse language and usually language .It also caused the dividing of verse of colloquial speech literature and verse of written literature and the alternative emergence of the two .Thus the thesis will deduce the occurrence of MAY FOURTH modern poetries, modern literatures and the revolution inevitably. According to the language theories of Jacques Lacan, the original language is the outcome of the unconscious sensitive thinking, is a kind of poem language.It follows an repetitious annular framework form of poem metre, this framework form is equal to a kind of scenario, as a result the essence of the language lies in a kind of structure scenario where unconsciousness can exist.And the emotion is the core of unconsciousness, as a result the original language is the expression of sensitive faculty and emotion, but the written language that rises after it is the outcome of the reasonable thinking consciousness, this kind of reasonable thinking consciousness appears with a linear phrasing logic structure, pays attention to the logical ratiocination, so the essence of literal language is a kind of sign, tool and media of reasonableness, its essence lies in the sign, tool and media, and is represented concretely by logos and intellect. Thus when the written language came into being and invaded and occupied the usual unconscious language realm on a large scale as a communication tool, it changed the unconscious repetitious annular framework form of language in long-term of the usage of communication by the function of linear phrasing logicstructure which was represented by reasonable thinking consciousness, made the poem separated from speech language, made the usual language changed from the original speech poem language into the reasonable written language with lineal phrasing logic structure, resulted in the difference between verse language and usually language, made the verse divided into a verse of colloquial language and a verse of written language, the literature was mutually divided into the literature of colloquial language and the literature of written language. Thus the written language oppressed the colloquial language by the function of linear phrasing logic structure which was represented by reasonable thinking consciousness, resulted in a kind of icy cold, inflexible thinking method , made the reasonableness and emotion placed in eternity of the depressive and anti-depressive self-contradict exercise of conflict. The suppression made normal emotion couldn't appeal to the speech and express in poem naturally, but could only groan in the lineal phrasing logic structure. Hence the poem could only be written language poem. But this kind of suppression could not maintenance for a long time, the emotion would break through the suppression with huge power of resistance, request to flounce the tie of the grammar nightmare, look for the poem language of the new colloquial language property, dance and sing for the emotion and freedom which is suppressed for a long time. The resistance of emotion carried out through resistance of speech language to writing language as the suppression of logos on emotion was implemented by suppression of written language on colloquial language ,thus the conflict and resistance between emotion and logos must cause conflict and resistance between colloquial language and written language ,then cause the round of alternative emergence of the verse of colloquial speech literature and the verse of written literature. On such meaning, the written language was a language nightmare, the poem was to dance and sing for celebration the flouncing from this grammar language nightmare. As to Chinese literature, because of the separation between speech language and written language resulted by the emergence of the Chinese characters madethe literature before West Han Dynasty become into colloquial literature as the difference of the colloquial language and written language was insignificant ,and the literature from late after West Han Dynasty to early MAY FOURTH became written literature because the huge difference between the colloquial language and written language ,and the literature of more than 2,000 years became into literature of written language. Since this literature of written language shared the hegemonic position over a long period of time, it resulted a suppression of written language on colloquial language, then resulted in a suppression of logos on emotion. But this kind of suppression could not maintain for a long time, the emotion would break through the suppression with huge power of resistance . The resistance of emotion carried out through resistance of colloquial language to written language as the suppression of logos on emotion was implemented by suppression of written language on colloquial language , hence a astoundingly grand revolution which requested liberation of emotion inevitably found out the breakthrough in the written language problem, it wanted to flounce the literal nightmare, the emotion suppressed by written language from more than 2,000 years ago would be liberated, would dance and sing using the new colloquial poem language, This was the MAY FOURTH colloquial revolution of modern poetry and modern literature. Thus from the self-contradictable relation between the colloquial language and written language this thesis will deduce the historical inevitability of the transformation and birth of MAY FOURTH modern poetry, then will deduce that the language of modern poetry should be colloquial but not the classical Chinese language.And since the language of the modern poetry is colloquial, the form of the modern poetry should have metre.And its metre should be similar to the verse of Book of Poetry of the first oral speech literature age, the metre style of the folk song is cheery and natural , viz. there is regulation in the nature of rising and falling of the emotion, and the rhythm and the diapason of metre can be seen in the regulation. Looking for the variety in the regulation(metre) and exhibitting the regulation(metre) in the variety,...