| Abstract: Studies on ancient Chinese are very important, because it is the headstream of Chinese. The previous Chinese acceptation system was deposited in the Pre-Qin Chinese acceptation. The Pre-Qin Chinese acceptation was of a large scale and could convey extractive and profundity thoughts. The evolution of aftertime Chinese was restricted by previous Chinese acceptation system latently or obviously. It is very important to study the special books of classic in previous Chinese. Because the researchers have not paid enough attention to and attached importance to ancient Chinese antonym in special books, and still grope theory of the studies on ancient Chinese antonym blindly, it is even more important to study on the antonym of special classic in previous Chinese.I chose laozi from previous Chinese classic for my study. To study the language of Chunqiu period and warring states period, laozi is a very important classic for it. This book is the most representative philosophy works of Chinese classic. It delivered the cognition of ancient Chinese ancestor how they understood the space and life with extractive and wonderful language. The dialectical thoughts in it are so representative that investigators often compare laozi to the oriental Hegel. The description of relative things could be found everywhere in this book which described the phenomena depending on each other and converting to the opposite of everything on the earth world. The four-word-pattern was astonishing such as The whitest is just as the blackest.and The loudest sound is similar to no sound.", but it accorded with dialectics. The four-word- pattern could express mostly visually the thought that "everything would convert to the opposite of itself in the end". The offspring liked to imitate this expression very much. Qian Zhongshu considered that the basic descriptive way of laozi was describing the positive things in opposite language. We could seize the main character of language in laozi if we study antonym in it.First, I notarize the bound of antonym in laozi according to original text. Secondly, I take the approach to compare the archaeological literature (including Bamboo and Silk Manuscripts of laozi) with the coming down literature and compare the datum of ancient lexical interpretation with the usage of the words inliterature to the study on antonym of laozi, after I have described all the usage of the antonym in laozi, I summed up 7 patterns to show and interpret antonym in laozi, in other words, 7 formats to find and show the distribution of the antonym in laozi. After I have done all these works, I discussed the formation principle of antonym, the task and rules of study on ancient Chinese antonym, the special character of study on the ancient Chinese antonym. To compare with the study of contemporary Chinese antonym, I think the special character of study on the ancient Chinese antonym is that the study of the ancient Chinese antonym can be approached from various attitudes and with various methods. It is more difficult and more complicated to study the ancient Chinese antonym. To compare with the study of ancient Chinese synonym, it is more difficult to find the evidences of antonym and interpret why and how it could be formed in such way. We had to find the evidences from the text. Therefore it is more subjective because it depends on the interpretation of the researcher much more. I also discussed the study on ancient Chinese antonym with the positive methods and the negative methods at the same time. I have brought up 3 methods of study ancient Chinese antonym. They are the way of direct interpretation, the way of building up a bridge between A and B with their synonym, the way of finding evidences of interpretation from the text. I have also brought up 4 operating ways. They are the inductions of usage of article, fixing on the meaning and members of antonym according to the different words, and seeking for interpretation evidence from the acceptation character of synonym and cognate and the way to suppose the links of evolvement. T... |
PDF Full Text Request