The Reconstruction Of Rational Life--The Study Of Habermas' Political Phlilosophy

The subject of political philosophy is "How to have a good life ?"It meas that the life of man is the object of philosophical reflection. It is about the culminating value of the life. In diffierent historical period , It has different forms. So this subject is the most importment for man. It is not only belong to history but belong to time.Habermas' political philosophy focus on this subject. In the modern time , "How to have a good life?" have been translated into "How to make all values have a firm foundation?" Because the reason had been divided into theory reason, practical reason, and aesthetic reason, the unity of life was fragmented. Habermas wanted to make the fragmentary life unity. First, he tried to find a new foundation to make divided reasons unitied. It is the communicative reason. When people take part in the communicative practice, they are drived by better reason to have a communicative consistent. This communicative consistent is verity validity. It includes truth of object, right of value and trueness of subject. It means that the communicative reason is belong to practice of life, and make divided reasons unitied. Second, basing on the communicative reason,he present the theory of discurse ethic. He thought the consistent of morally discurse in the publical sphere is the foundation of legitimation. But this consistent is subjective consciousness, it must be tranlated into objective law. It is the reason that Haberms is to study theory of democracy.Third, Haberms pionted out that the democratic discurse is the most importment for the rational life. In the communitive practice of democratic discutse, people could make subjective consiciousness become into objective law. The subject and object have been into one. In reality, the unity is a universal political state.