U.s. Aid Policy In Korea Research 1948-1968 Years

Ever since post World War II, the long-term aim of U.S. in Korea has been to pursue an independent, unified and political Western-affected state in the Peninsula, so as to maintain its security interests in East Asia as much as possible. In order to meet this design, U.S. government has taken measures to stabilize the situation of South Korea and affect the affairs of the Peninsula by various economic, military and diplomatic means since military occupation period, in which assistance was included. Specially after the foundation of ROK, assistance began to play a vital role in American policy toward ROK, toward the Peninsula as a whole and toward East Asia in a quite long period.With assistance, U.S. deeply affected the evolvement of politics, economy and diplomacy of ROK, make it to function in the direction of American strategic vision, and as a result, shape it into a fortress of the Free World in Northeast Asia and a bulwark to defense Japan, the most important ally of U.S. against the Communist Camp in East Asia. Additionally, with assistance to consolidate the independence and survival of ROK and to create a stable basis for the economic "stand off of ROK in mid 1960s, U.S. did not only set a successful example for the non-communist states in Asia (i.e. to achieve development through receiving American assistance), but showed the Free World allies and the potential allies to win over that, U.S. would carry out its promise faithfully. Accordingly, U.S. consolidated and strengthened the solidarity and cooperation of the Free World against Soviet Camp. Thus it can be seen, as a special case among American recipients during the postwar period, assistance to ROK directly boosted the development of U.S.-ROK relations and became successful practice of assistance policy to serve American foreign policy aim and its global strategic interests. Undoubtedly, a study of American assistance policy toward ROK is of much significance for us to examine the development of American foreign assistance policy and explore how U.S. to use assistance to serve its East Asia and global strategy.hi both the macroscopical and microcosmic meanings, from the viewpoint of foreign assistance as one instrument of foreign policy, and with material examination and analysis as the main research method, this dissertation examines the evolvement of American assistance policy toward ROK from birth to maturity, from relief to revival, and from "strategic assistance" to "development assistance" during the twenty years, analyses miscellaneous factors which had influences on the transformation of American assistance policy toward ROK, examines how the transformation has affected American East Asia and global policies, identifies the national interest emphasis among American policy planning in the context of the Cold War, and furthermore, discoveries the real motivations behind the assistance.Briefly, during the military occupation, South Korea has only received temporary and expedient assistance from America and it was not included in the policy orbit of America until the foundation of ROK. Before the outbreak of the Korean War, U.S. provided firstly economic assistance and secondly military assistance to ROK, and with the outbreak of the war, economic assistance give its way to security needs and military assistance granted began to increase remarkably. In one word, until the end of the 1950s, American assistance to ROK was highly impressed by the so-called strategic consideration. With the prevalence of the W. W. Rostow's development theory, the new Kennedy administration aimed at developmentassistance as its policy direction and foreign grants was gradually replaced by the compensable credits in long term basis. In the context, American assistance policy toward ROK was influenced accordingly. During the Johnson administration, U.S. finished its third assistance policy adjustment toward ROK.This dissertation is mainly composed of the following five chapters:As the necessary policy background, Chapter One gives a brief introduction of t...