Study Of Religious Issues In The Turn Of The Century The Development Of Socialism In Russia

The relationship the socialism and the religion is a both complex and sensitive task in the human history. Now matter what it is , scientific socialism always adheres to Marxism and uphold dialectical materialism and historical materialism (including atheism). So it has fundamental difference from all of the idealisms. It is a very important and complex task for the Marxist to both hold on Marxism and deal with the religious problems during the developing progress of socialism.From the last days of 19th century to the early days of 20th century , the development of Russian socialism witnessed the spreading of the scientific socialism , and building proletarian party , and carrying out socialist revolutionary struggle , and building up a new state, etc. How to cope with the religion in the process of the development of the socialism, and how the religion respond to the socialism , and how the Bolshevik party which represented by Lenin to recognize and deal with the religious problems and what were their experiences and lessons are worthy of being studied thoroughly. The study was not highlighted in the past years and my dissertation will make a detailed study.This dissertation is composed by has six chapters.The first Chapter mainly discusses the rising of the Russian socialism in the last days of the 19th century. It firstly introduced simply by the international political situation, and explains the contemporary era was an imperialism and proletarian revolution one, and Russian was the focus of the imperial contradictions. And then looks back the spreading process of the scientific socialism in Russian. Thirdly , it makes a emphasis on the sacrifice of Plekhanov and Lenin for the spreading of the scientific socialism in Russian .The second chapter deals with the putting out of the religion problems in the Russian socialist activity. It first talks about the relationship between the Russian religions situation and Tsar state, and points out that Russian is a religious nation. If the Marxism carried out a socialist revolution in such a country, it had to deal with the relationship between revolution and religion. Plekhanov made a elemental study on the religion problems and put forward the religions sense based on historical materialism , and Lenin made a study on the religions problems during the process of establishing Bolshevik party. The third chapter mainly discusses the religions problems around the year of 1905. It firstly touches upon the process of Russian revolution in 1905 and how the church maintained the Tsar system and opposed the Russian people. Thereafter the atheism was rampant and the searching for Gods' and the cresting for Gods ran wild. They damaged the revolutionary cause greatly. Plekhanov and Lenin criticized them acutely.The fourth chapter mainly talks about the theory of Lenin on the religions problems in the development of socialism. The important points of view are these as follows: the essence origin and social affect of the religion , the struggle against the religion should submit to the revolutionary struggle, the correct attitudes to religious problems, etc. The fifth chapter mainly deals with the religious problems during the October Revolution. It firstly discusses that the October Revolution burst out in the situation of the World War I and the inner contradictions in Russia sharpening. Then it touches on that the Russian church played the part of anti-revolution in the process of the February Revolution and the October Revolution. The sixth chapter discusses the dealing with the religious problems of the new Soviet state. It firstly makes a detailed study on the policy and bills which accompanied by the establishment of the new Soviet state, and the activities of the church opposed the new Soviet state. Moreover , the dissertation summed up the thinking of Lenin on religious problems in his last days , such as , it must be prudent to struggle against religion, the soviet state should be equal to all religious.