A Research On The Department Of Shi Bo Si In The Song Dynasty

This paper has two main parts .The first Part include six chapters such as the research on the distributions and changes of Shi Bo Si in the Song Dynasty; the functions of Shi Bo Si ; the choose and management of cadres; the relationship between Shi Bo Si and others organizations; the comparisons of different Shi Bo Si; the status of Shi Bo Si and so on . The second part mainly investigate the cadres of Shi Bo Si. Their Surname; age; native place; imperial examination; term of office; achievements in one's official career; biography in song shi and their books are all involved. The major points are :It was a important period of the development of Shi Bo Si in the Song dynasty. Shi Bo Si has several lower level units such as Shi Bo wu, Shi Bo Chang and Shi Bo Ku and so on. The organization of Shi Bo Si was established in Guang Nan Dong Dong Lu, Liang Zhe Lu, Fu Jian Lu and Jing Dong Dong Lu early or late. Because of the change of environment, reduce of the administrative structure, political struggle and the change of government's policy, the organization of Shi Bo Si ever changed. The organization of Shi Bo Si in Guang Nan Dong Dong Lu was more stable. On the contrary, Liang Zhe Lu's was more changeable.The functions of Shi Bo Si have two sides. On the one hand, it has economic functions such as inspecting the cargo;leving taxes ;Jin Que; He Mai; handing in goods to the central government; improving the ports and constructing the cities and so on. On the other hand, it has political functions such as supervising and recommending cadres; issuing the licence; excuting the government's order; receiving and managing the foreign merchants; organizing the ceremony of praying for safety; suppressing bandits and so on.The cadres of Shi Bo Si was composed of Shi Bo Shi or Shi Bo Ti Ju, Shi Bo Pan Guan and Gan Ban Gong Shi etc. Both emperors and others secretaries paied attention to the choice of cadres to manage the department of Shi Bo Si.According to the currently researchments, there were four hundred seventy-three Shi Bo Shi or Shi Bo Ti Ju, thirty-three Shi Bo Pan Guan and sixteen Gan Ban GongShi.These cadres mainly came from southern china, especially from Liang Zhe Lu ,Fu Jian Lu and Jiang Nan Xi Lu . This situation may be related with the environment and the development of these districts.Their age mainly over fifty years. This phenomenon indicated that the cadres should be full of political abilities. Main of them were successful candidates in highest imperial examinations. Few of them depended on the hereditary system.Before they were charged with Shi Bo Si, they had different political experiences. Some were magistrates of counties; others were Tong Pan; Zhi Jun; Zong Zheng Cheng; Zhu Zuo Zuo Lang; Zhi Zhou; Zhuan Yun Guan; Ti Ju Chang Ping; Ti Dian Xing Yu and so on.Through the ways of others officers recommending and currying favor with their superiors, they gained the chances to manage the department of Shi Bo Si. Their terms of office mainly were two years. And their average terms of office were nearly half past one year. The government had some restricted articles about them.. Twenty-five imperial kinsmen had acted as Shi Bo Shi in southern Song Dynasty. It was a special phenomenon. It indicated that the policy about the imperial clans had adjusted in southern Song Dynasty.If the cadres made good achievements, they could gain the chance of promotion ;On the contrary, if they embezzled money and broke the law, they were dismissed from their office .Among the central organizations, Shi Bo Si has intimate relation with these units such as the ministry of official personnel affairs, the ministry of renenue, Tai Fu Si, the ministry of eunuch, the department of protocol, Yu Shi Tai, the ministry of penalty and Da Li Si etc. The ministry of official personnel affairs personal administration examined the records of staff and workers; the ministry of renenue, Tai Fu Si and the ministry of eunuch had functions of financial supervision and control; The department of protocol done with foreign affair...