Text Study

This dissertation mainly studies the concept,form,type,structure and operation of texts. The research method that it employs basically falls into the category of Text Theory.The first part of the paper tries to discuss about the concept of Chinese texts and western texts,which are different,and the changes that they have experienced in the course of development in history. I give a special attention to the study of the text theories of the 20th Century Textualism. The second part mainly inquires into the form of texts. 1 believe that since the birth of texts,four forms of texts,which are the most important,have appeared,which are metatext,text,secondary text and hypertext respectively. Among them,metatext is a form which appeared as long as in the primitive society and depended on human stamina for storage and dissemination. Appearing after written language was created,"text" can attach to a solid,thus getting rid of the restrictions of human stamina. However,it also lost much vigor due to this reason. Secondary text appeared on the basis of capitalist large-scale production and needed large amount of duplication,hence replicas replaced texts created previously. Hypertext appeared only after computer technology and the Internet become mature. It has many unique features. For instance,it can be linked and duplication can be ignored,etc. The third part mainly studies different types of texts. I've selected "scientific text","news text","poetic text" and "historical text" for a comparison with the intention of discovering things in common and their differences. On this basis,this degree dissertation has also selected "deifying text" and "icon text" as typical texts for the further study of their uniqueness. Type of texts is a difficult point in the research of text theories,but I do not wish to get entangled in it too much. Therefore,the major task of this chapter lies in the discovery of the features of texts through the study of types.The fourth part is a "structure chapter". I first have a review of the accounts in the history of China and the west about levels of texts and sum them up into "two level theory" and "multiple level theory". Then,I find that narrative text and lyric text are identical while making a comparison between them. I point out that the reason why lyric text is excluded from the research of texts by the narrative theories of western structuralism is due to "binary opposition" which is deeply rooted in western culture. Finally,I single out "nature between texts" for in-depth study. In my opinion,nature between texts belongs to the "circulation" of text inherent and external contacts. The last part of the dissertation is the "operation chapter",which is devoted to the study of the "publication" and "circulation" of texts. This dissertation lays a special emphasis on the circulation costs of the printed texts of the 21st century and at the same time discusses the position in operation of "manuscript",a special text.At the end of the article,I question whether texts can really point to realness. It is obvious that many theorists believe that capitalist texts can no longer point to realness. That texts' reflection of reality and texts' declaration of truth are all a "language Utopia".