| The Three Kingdoms Stories is an immortal classic of the Goryeo Dynasty.In Korea,it is widely regarded as a Chinese book in early history of historical books,folklore books,national literature collections,Chinese literature collections,and Buddhist history books.The Three Kingdoms Stories contains ancient myths,folk tales,Xinluo folk songs,etc.,and has had a profound impact on Korean literature in terms of language,original materials,ideology and culture.The study of the Three Kingdoms Stories is helpful to explore the literature and culture of the Korean Peninsula deeply,as well as the literary and cultural exchanges between China and North Korea,which has high academic value and significance.The Korean academic circles attach great importance to the research of the Three Kingdoms Stories,and achieve fruitful research results,but it does not mean that there is no need and space for the study of the Three Kingdoms Stories.In particular,at present,there is no paper or book which is the comprehensive and systematical research on the Three Kingdoms Stories,and there are very few results of the research on the relationship between the Three Kingdoms Stories and Chinese literature.Therefore,this article chooses the literary research of the Three Kingdoms Stories as the topic,and makes a textual analysis based research on the Three Kingdoms Stories.From the perspective of historical materialism,explore the literariness and literary value of the Three Kingdoms Stories comprehensively and systematically with an objective,fair and dialectical attitude,using literature research methods,close reading methods,comparative literature,folklore,social and historical criticism,reception of aesthetics and other related research methods.The full text is divided into six chapters.In addition to the Chapter I Introduction,Chapter II to Chapter VI are the main part of the paper.Chapter Ⅱ introduces the author Yiran’s whole life,the writing basis,background and content of the Three Kingdoms Stories.Based on the above,it explores the characteristics and literariness of the Three Kingdoms Stories.The characteristics of the Three Kingdoms Stories are: first of all,it is the only general historical work that records ancient myths in history;secondly,it records Buddhist history by using the form of recording Buddhist stories,which has the characteristics of Buddhist classics;thirdly,it is at the purpose of chronicle and has the characteristics of unofficial history.Therefore,the literariness of the Three Kingdoms Stories is reflected in: it is the coll ection for the study of ancient North Korean native literature by paying attention on keeping the original literary style,recording the ancient myths and legends,and ancient poems as it is;it records a large number of stories related to Buddhism,and is the importance classic for the study of North Korean Buddhist literature;it preserves a large number of folk literature works,and is the key to unlock the treasure of North Korean folk literature.Chapter Ⅲ focuses on the myth in the Three Kingdoms Stories,explores its nature,classification and characteristics,its aim is exploring the literariness and literary value of the text of the Three Kingdoms Stories.The earliest myth in North Korea is the animal totem myths derived from the animal totem belief.The animal images of "bear,tiger,bird" in the myths in the Three Kingdoms Stories are the continuation of the animal totem myths.With the development of society,myths become more and more civilized and rationalized,and have the characteristics of social myths.During the generation period of myths,primitive beliefs is the dominant thought,it reflects the connotations of local witchcraft and animal worship beliefs.There are eight myths in the Three Kingdoms Stories,which are divided into four categories:national origin myths,founding ancestor myths,other kings myths and surname myths.All recorded myths focus on describing the miraculous phenomenon a t the birth of emperors,and for the purpose of explaining that the king of North Korea is as extraordinary as the emperor of China,which reflect that the author Yiran has strong national consciousness.The Three Kingdoms Stories remains the original appe arance of North Korean myths,studying the literariness and literary value of these myths is helpful for tracing the roots of North Korean literature and searching for the roots of North Korean national culture.Chapter Ⅳ studies the folk tale s in the Three Kingdoms Stories,explores its nature,classification and meaning,and the influence on the novels and literature of North Korean later generations.There are total 93 large and small folk tales in the Three Kingdoms Stories,which are divided into seve n categories,including stories about heroes and kings,stories about ghosts,stories about beliefs,stories about treasures,stories about filial piety and goodness,stories about fancies,and stories about folk customs.These folk tales are the main content and important constituent part of the Three Kingdoms Stories,they can also be said to be the core part.Yiran’s feelings were entrusted in these folk tales,which is highlighting the purpose and significance of Yiran’s collection of folk tales.These folk tales complete the official history and express the emotions of the public;teach the people,promote the principles of Buddhism;promote the national spirit and compose national culture.The folk tales in the Three Kingdoms Stories are not only wonderful in content,rich in image,strange and fantastic,but also profound in conception and have the extremely high literary attainments,which has had a profound impact on North Korean literature.For example,the protagonist of the story of the Kim Yushin is the prototype of the national hero in North Korean novels;the story of the Peach Blossom Girl and Nasal Wax Boy provides themes for future generations of novels about the love between humans and ghosts;as one of the three major North Korea classical novels,the The Legend of Shen Qing inherits the motif of the story of the Poor Girl and Adoptive Mother;the story of the Tiaoxin is the prototype of the North Korean dream and enlightenment novel,and the basis for the formation of the sleepwalking novel.If the study to the myths in the Three Kingdoms Stories is to trace the origin of North Korean literature,then the study to the folk tales in Three Kingdoms Stories is to sort out the branches of North Korean literature.Chapter Ⅴstudies the folk songs and hymns in the Three Kingdoms Stories.First of all,it explores the background,nature and classification of folk songs,and analyzes the essence of folk songs combined with the background story;secondly,it explores the nature,artistic techniques an d ideological implications of the hymns,its aim is to study the literariness and literary value of the poetry in the Three Kingdoms Stories.The North Korea folk songs generated from the period of the Three Kingdoms and developed to the period of the Unif ied Silla,which are becoming a unique artistic form of national poetry.The only 14 remaining songs are all included in the Three Kingdoms Stories.These folk songs have the characteristics of local incantation songs,Buddhist songs,“odes” in the Book of Songs.The folk songs can be divided into three categories according to this characteristic,named folk songs of incantation,folk songs of Buddhist song,and folk songs of“odes”.Some of these folk songs are simple in style,some are gorgeous in rhetori c,some express public’s motions,and some pray for peace and prosperity.They contain Confucianism,Buddhism,Taoism and local beliefs,expressing national sentiments and publicizing national spirit.There are total 48 hymns in the whole text of the Three Kingdoms Stories.Some of them supplement the narrative content,others express their own standpoints,and another express admiration.Yiran has demonstrated his standpoints and feelings by rich language and artistic techniques,and expressed his national spirit,Buddhist notions and attitude towards life.At the same time,these hymns occupies a place in the history of Chinese poetry literature in North Korea due to their rich artistic quality.Poetry is the expression of emotions,studying the poetry in the Three Kingdoms Stories is a process of feeling national emotions and personal emotions of Yiran,and also one of the important way to explore the deep thoughts and emotions of North Korean literature.Chapter Ⅵ studies the relevance between the Three Kingdoms Stories and Chinese literature,its aim is to explore the literariness and literary of the Three Kingdoms Stories by the way of comparison.First of all,it compares the Three Kingdoms Stories and the Sou Shen Ji.The Sou Shen Ji was written by Gan Bao.It is a masterpiece of ghost novels during the Wei and Jin Dynasties of China.The protagonists of it are ghosts,monsters,and immortals.It mixes Buddhism and Taoism and mainly recording strange things.The Three Kingdoms Stories also records many bizarre and mysterious stories.It compares elves and ghosts stories in the Sou Shen Ji and the Three Kingdoms Stories by using the method of impact studies,explores the relationship between the Sou Shen Ji and the Three Kingdoms Stories and analyze the reasons for the formation of the association.Secondly,the “Dream” as the entry point,explores the “Dream”in the Sou Shen Ji and the Three Kingdoms Stories by using parallel research methods.The “Dream” in the Three Kingdoms Stories mainly include “Dream during pregnancy”,“Dream of dreams come true”,“Dream of God’s help”,“Dream of Dharma”,and in the A Dream in Red Mansions,the whole story is a “Big Dream”.It was found by comparison that the Three Kingdoms Stories praises the great wonders of the emperors and historical heroes of the ancient North Korea by the “Dream”,and expresses national consciousness,and promotes national culture.And the A Dream in Red Mansions expresses the painful feelings to the cruel world by describing “people in dreams”,and objectively reveals and criticizes the decay and decline of society.The “Dream” in the Three Kingdoms Stories embodies micro thinking.The short storie s of “Dream” are scattered in various chapters,and the use of “Dream” pays more attention to the value of the “History”.And the “Dream” in the A Dream in Red Mansions embodies the macro thinking.The “Dream”is the whole event process,and the use of the “Dream” is more artistic.These two works use the form and art expressed by the “ Dream”,which are both expressed as ways and means as well as content and ideas,and are both have high literary value.As a foreign Chinese classics,the Three Kingdoms Stor ies has important research value and significance in historical science,religion science and literature.From the literature,the study of the Three Kingdoms Stories has high academic value for studies of foreign Chinese literature,studies of North Korean literature,research on the cultural exchange of Chinese and North Korean Literature,and studies of East Asian and Asian literature.At the present,there are relatively few domestic results of the research on the literature of the Three Kingdoms Stories,this article explores the myths,folk tales and poetry in the Three Kingdoms Stories,at the same time,does further research on the Three Kingdoms Stories and Chinese literature,and strive to be systematic and comprehensive.It can be described as a n ew attempt.The Three Kingdoms Stories has become a monument in the history of North Korean literature due to the preservation of a large number of local North Korean literary works and its own literary achievements.It is hoped that this article can offer some valuable suggestions to the related research of the Three Kingdoms Stories. |
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