On Climate Justice

The problem of climate change is a global public problem in nowadays'world. It is a threat for the existence of humanbeing and the continue of human civilization. It is an urgent enterprise for all countries and all individuals to dealing with climate crisis, which require counties all over the world to unite and cooperate, all of us to endeavor together.The principle of "common but different responsibility" has become a basic principle in nowaday's climate negotiation between counties all over the world, however, its operation has some realistic difficulties. Current difficulties of climate justice represent in three aspects as follow. First, the difficult in generating and practice of the common principle of climate justice; second, the lack of valid international system of climate justice; third, we are short of determination of seeking for climate justice. The basic barriers of these difficulties are "Tragedy of the commons","prisoner's dilemma","consumerism" and "sovereignty barrier". Climate justice essentially is a kind of species justice, global justice, which require us step over sovereignty barrier and the framework of international politics.There are about three kind of theories on global justice:the theory of global justice based on justice theory of Rawls, the theory of global justice of Hobbesianism and of cosmopolitanism. The approach that extending justice theory of Rawls to global justice has a advantage which can express the principle of "common but different responsibility" in dealing with climate change, and a disadvantage, that is, it does not commit to construct a super-country institution, so it just provides a justice principle for all countries in climate cooperation without a institution installation realizing global climate justice. the theories of global justice of Hobbesianism and of cosmopolitanism both commit a super-country institution and system ensuring the realization of global justice, in this area, they both are superior to the theory of global justice based on justice theory of Rawls. The main problem of Hobbesian project is that its tendency of authoritarianism is difficult for us to accept, and there are some problems in the formation of authority, and it lack of the basis of social psychology that can be contented in Hobbes's theory. The main problem of the project of cosmopolitanism is the obstruction of sovereignty and the weakness of global idea which support cosmopolitanism.Current global justice theories more or less have difficulties in theory and practice. Thereby we can not expect to change current pattern of global climate governing thoroughly by simply some kind of justice theory, if we want to realize climate justice in global climate cooperation. So we should absorb very valuable viewpoint in very theory in climate practice, in the basis of reality, promote and perfect global cooperation in climate governing by various approaches to realize global climate justice.First, the climate negotiation in the framework of sovereignty of course is the most major and realistic form in current dealing with the problem of climate. But there are dilemmas layer upon layer in this approach, we should explore for more flexible, more effective, and more fair climate framework on the current basis. Second, super-country organizations can span sovereignties, and break away from the frame of international politics in various form and in various levels, by ways such as appropriate sovereignty concession and region integration. Third, NGO bring about more open and more democracy for international climate negotiation, accordingly make it more fair and justice.The system of climate justice is embodied as a series of rules of justice in the end, so it essentially is a system of rules. So the operation of it finally depends on that every group such as every country, community, country and local government, and every individual abide by the rules. If general rules of justice have limits in their operation without some moral qualities and characters of subjects of justice, the realization of global climate justice need the supports of related virtues. The strategy of virtue supports the conception of cosmopolitanism and the transformation of the mode of human life.In nowadays's climate cooperation, the action of chinese government becomes more and more positive and dealing with concrete issues. However, it be confronted with some rigorous challenges. The most pivotal challenges of them are the revolution of pattern of development and the structure of energy, and innovation of science and technology in climate field. In order to fulfill international liability required by international climate justice, and to better promote the realization of climate justice, China's coping strategies includes:developing advanced science and technology in climate field; setting up a perfect laws and policy system; Playing the roles of the education and culture on climate; establishing prudent population policy.