Shanxi Wenshui Dialects Tend Verbs And Their Syntax

This article discussed the use of the tendency verb of Wenshui County in Shanxi province. Wenshui county is located in the central of Shanxi.This is about80kilometers from the capital city of Taiyuan to Wenshui County. Wenshui dialect has been belonged to bingzhou area in the "China Language Atlas" published in1987. It has been belonged to taiyuan area of the central in Shanxi in the the "investigation report of "Shanxi dialect"" published in1993.Firstly, with the theory and methodology of descriptive linguistics, on the basis of the dialect survey, this paper describes and studies the directional verbs (both the simple and the compound) used to express motion in Wenshui dialect as follows:1, The syntactic structures in which the directional verbs can be used;2, The types and location of the objects co-occurring with the directional verbs;3, The types of the verbs before the directional complements;4, The types and location of the objects co-occurring with the verb-direction construction;5, The forms of the directional complements expressing potentiality and the "v-not-v" constructions. Great efforts are made to describe the usages of the directional verbs in Wenshui dialect in full detail, and synchronic descriptions are made in comparison with Mandarin and the dialects around Wenshui.Thirdly, In the "v+v" structures, the grammaticalization of the second word"lai"(来),"shang"(上),"xia"(下),"qi"(起), and "guo lai"(过来) are studied."Lai" is grammaticalized as the prehodiernal marker, the quasi marker of perfective aspect and the modal particle."Shang" is grammaticalized as the realizational aspect marker and the quasi affix expressing ways, and "xia" is grammaticalized as the perfective aspect marker and the quasi affix expressing ways."Qi" is grammaticalized as the markers of ingressive aspect and perfective aspect."Guo lai" is grammaticalized as the temporal particle.Based on the explanations to the different semantics of the directional verbs in the same syntactic structure, the evolution courses of these words are explored. The universal evolution courses of the directional verbs are as follows:predicate→complement; directional complement→resultative complement→stative complement. And their semantic development is from concrete special motion to abstract motion. Meanwhile attention is given to the types of their grammaticalization.We look forward to, Shanxi Wenshui dialect and the study of grammaticalization of tendency verbs for Shanxi and even the whole of Jin dialect, Jin history studies provide more rich, full and accurate materials; the traditional grammar and the grammaticalization theory organic ground union rises, make only pays attention to the history of grammaticalization and living language combination, promote the grammaticalization theory to study Chinese.