| In this paper, stakeholders from the various interests of the Western Cultural District to be studied for the first time with a comprehensive and systematic research and analysis perspectives. Cultural District is an important feature of the modern western society and cultural economy, In the past50years, Western cultural Districts is as an important features of Western urban development, classic model of western model cultural economics, Culture Districts have very wide range local regions, they usually varies from single cultural cooperation form of aggregation to high degree of activity systems, or to very careful planning of culture project; from the geographic mix of different factors to the basic multi-purpose buildings, such as the Art Center; from places include a clear block range specified in a city to a vast region even beyond the boundaries of the province. Their purpose is also a wide range of, for example, from the protection of perspective of the local rich cultural heritage to the city's economic regeneration. They all can be defined or known as the Cultural Districts. Gap based on these concepts, our definition may explain the completely different situation and the scopes about Cultural Districts.Recent years, as important measures of the city's economic recovery engine, Culture Districts have developed fast, which are becoming an important resource for urban economic now. Compared with the geographical scenery area of recession attractions, the Cultural Districts have a strong attraction for tourism consumers. Cultural Districts made abandoned or under-utilized urban space (and more and more rural areas) is brand new now, strategy including the primary means to attract tourists, increasing tax revenue, as well as for-profit and nonprofit organizations (such as theaters, galleries, conference centers, hotels, restaurants, retail shops, etc.) to attract the consumer groups was usually adopted in Cultural Districts,. These areas not only provide for the art production of products or services, not only play a huge demand for local labor market; but they attract foreign financial investment to improve the local economy. Because the Cultural District just like magnet to attract grateful artists and other creative individuals to fill the space, such as loft and many underutilized buildings, as well as light industry idle plant.(There are many old industrialized regions, their image is the front of the rise and development of the Cultural District as improved examples.), so it seems they have a positive external influences in the cultural, social and economic aspects.A series of strong concern around the cultural Districts are rise in Western society. Different understanding of the cultural Districts and research from a variety of disciplines and areas of society occurred, these disciplines, including economics, geography, history, culture, philosophy, arts, tourism, sociology, and other various fields. The main academic research focus on such issues as defining Cultural District, measuring their economic benefits when they are as tools in local development, forming organizations of production and consumption sectors in the Cultural Districts, Working mechanism of the Cultural Districts, as well as lessons learned from the success or failure of the Cultural Districts and so on. Of which comprehensive economic benefits of the Cultural Districts in the Western countries is the most concerned, people are trying to measure their generated economic benefits through various channels. This Research related to every stakeholder from western Cultural Districts, it is the first time as a comprehensive system study from both domestic and international perspectives.The main research methods in this dissertation include literature studies, field observation, live&depth interviews and survey of important figures. In the argument, reasoning deductive, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods used by combined. For the layout of the whole structure and organization of the entire article, I adopted the more senior mature Western social science research Stakeholder theory (stakeholders), and combined with the deep analysis of the case from the Shakespeare's Festival in Stratford, Canada, I fully displayed the "bottom-up" mode Western Cultural Districts and their successes.Based on related literatures, and repeated consultation and advices from senior scholars of related areas of the Western Cultural Districts, Stakeholders about Cultural Districts were divided in this dissertation to be as confining layer Stakeholders and the outer layer Stakeholders. Those who are directly related to the cultural production and consumption are consumer groups, arts&culture groups of talented people and professional non-profit organization (the inner circle layer); and cultural production and consumption policies, premises, facilities and funds associated with Stakeholder groups are the government and its relevant departments, profitable business group of organizations and community residents and volunteer groups. Western Cultural Districts stakeholders mentioned above will be discuss thoroughly in the fourth and the fifth chapter of the dissertation,As the comprehensive and systematic investigation and verification were done, the main contents include the definition of the various stakeholders, their historical origins, the research from Western scholars, their mode of operations in the Cultural Districts development and their status and existing problems, and even the predict of their respective future development trends under the new concept of Cultural Districts. Thus a comprehensive and systematic analysis of Western Cultural Districts along with the development process of the Western cities, and the roles assumed by the different Stakeholders and their functions were layout clearly and comprehensively in this study, and thus a further deepen understanding of their very nature about Cultural Districts as prevalent "phenomenon" in Western society were greatly understood.In the fourth chapter, specifying core stakeholders as consumer groups (with the intrinsic needs of consumer for arts, and internal drive for arts development and artistic activities in Cultural Districts), as about artistic talent groups (based on artist talents, artist career and their organizations, The rise of the creative class and artistic talent in Cultural Districts). Professional non-profit organization groups of Cultural district (narratives with non-profit organization reviews non-profit organization groups operations). The fifth Chapter dealing with external stakeholder groups, such as The Government and the related sector groups with their Cultural Policy Research, Review, theoretical and capital supports, which mainly means Government and relevant departments support funds. About the community residents and volunteer group I told with Community groups with their financial support and commercial companies and other contributions. About the profit business organization groups, which will be divided with culture and entertainment related organizations, other areas of the business and local service commercial companies or organizations. Chapter Six is Shakespeare's Festival in Stratford, Canada, I conducted a comprehensive and vivid study and display. It discussed in detail about Stakeholders' interests with their roles in the form of the development process as a realistic example, a large number of Western Cultural District operational practice, as well as social-economic indicators of data comparison, I gave a profound analysis of the development and impact of nonprofit cultural arts organizations in Cultural District.Study show that Western countries as United States, Canada, UK's Cultural District are fully fit for their urban economic development and processes, which meet their generally faced economic transfer needs. The rest of the world represented by France, Italy in Europe, although their Cultural District construction and urban development are closely linked, their first initial came from the artistic needs, focusing on the domestic demand of the people on the art, but later it was gradually affected in turn noted by the culture economic value of the arts. Therefore, for the aspirations of the Western countries, there are two main routes about the Cultural District development. The role of the Cultural District in the urban economy is not as effective as the legendary and magical, more and more aware of the combined effect of the Cultural District in the social environment and community life, rather than emphasizing only economic booster effect. Secondly, the big city landmark buildings in the development of urban culture and the arts, and even for the arts and culture atmosphere, have very limited role. Again, the activities of the Cultural District from the western culture, we found that a growing number of community people spontaneously participate in or organize the arts and cultural activities in all aspects, such as financial support, with proper policy support they are gradually become the tendency of the mainstream. Many cities and towns of the western countries has been extended arts organizations based mode to the life and scope of work of the communities, serving as an integral part of the recovery strategy. In addition, I found that as long as the sources of contributions, a large proportion of arts and culture closely related to the commercial corporate and private in western Cultural District. Non-profit organizations in Cultural District their role are directly active in the arts and culture, such as financial preparation, artist information services etc., they have played great roles. Then there are the volunteers in Cultural District, they are generally special classes, they also contribute to the development of the Cultural District with great enthusiasm and labor, or can, without their enthusiasm, Western Cultural District will be eclipsed a lot. One of the main points of this paper is that the cultural atmosphere plays a vital role for the success of the Cultural District. This study confirms many success stories around the world, including the Stratford town, all year round to offer arts and culture activities, artistic performances and with art ever-changing forms, which is art "live in" community, coupled with appropriate support and guidance, thus cultural atmosphere informed as critical factors. I also found that, due to advances in technology, the concept of formation from the traditional geographic concepts of Cultural District is expected to be broken through their geographical constraints, to be "virtual Cultural District ". This virtual Cultural District will be very different from its rational form of organization, performing arts and management and geographical issues, and will be a great challenges and opportunities for every Stakeholder.No matter the series of Stakeholders has truly played the roles (perhaps for these reasons), one successful model can not always be special in the practice field, we should take into account of multiple factors in the merger process, as every place has special geographical characteristics, geographic range, and each containing different factors, different planning models, management and government agencies.About from the last15years, we are having exactly the same experience or history with western urban development, and we vigorously build our Cultural Districts from our whole nation scope. In community planning and development, art and culture Cultural District at this stage has received wide recognition from China's major cities, as a very important policy tool of local municipal government. It is believe that the Cultural District will play a big role in promoting contemporary economy, as an important strategy to enhance regional vitality. History is always strikingly resemblance; I believe some of the important points of this study will give the best inspiration for our reality facing problems currently. |
