Chastity In The20^th Century Of Chinese Literature

This paper focuses on how the chastity concept and the political evolution conspired to go a roundabout way in the20th century of Chinese literature. Chastity concept does not remain the same, whereas the explanations for "chastity concept" in different period and by different social group are different. The author finds that from ancient time to the20th century the ideas of chastity described carrying a lot of cultural, political, social, psychological, and other complex contents. And chastity has not represented itself, but also an important factor affecting and restricting gender harmony, especially since China began to open its doors in the early20th century with world practice, the chastity concept of Chinese literature changes with Chinese social evolution. This evolution of the chastity concept took on complex faces at different times and in different social strata.The first chapter is a literature review of the evolution of concept of chastity in the East and West. One common characteristic in China, Japan, India, Islamic countries and other oriental countries is the emphasis on the concept of chastity, and thus forms corresponding marital system and customs associated with chastity, some of which even stretches so far. Under the influence of Christian religion, cruel chastity system once appeared in Western countries, however, with influences brought about by the Enlightenment, emancipation and sexual liberation movements, chastity untie the ropes gradually, people break the shackles of chastity in favor, and get a new gender relations between men and women. When the westerly East came out in the early20th century, chastity is no longer a heavy global topic, Oriental society has gradually abandoned the harsh chastity system, love, marriage, family and sex relationships has got new development.Chapter two mainly discusses the awakening of the concept of chastity from the early20th century to the May Fourth period; people broke the taboos of sex, and reveals traditional chastity in the inferior root, propaganda of Western New emancipation from theoretical criticism to the creation of literary images, of which the prominent one is the evil love novels in the late Qing and the Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School. The evil love novels often tell stories about prostitutes, partly showing ideological trends conflicting with traditional feudal morality. The Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School novels often tell about men's and women's marriage freedom, large numbers of young people break traditional feudal etiquette shackles. They were discontent with marriage arranged by parents, and hope to get marriage freedom approved by parents, and desire for free marriage without interference, but cannot be the owners of their marriage like young people in May4th Movement. So this sort of novel is real depiction of young people's emotion in the exchange of old and new time.Chapter three mainly deals with chastity concept in30-year modern literature except the revolution literature, the left-wing literature and Yan'an literature. In modern literature, the concept of chastity took different characteristics from the period of May4th Movement and the period after the founding of new China. Provided the traditional chastity concept rule of China had some changes in the period of the May4th Movement, in this30years Chinese literature the chastity concept is both brave rebellion and suspected wandering. The chastity concept of modern literature in performance is more complex than other periods, and usually men and women writers follow different thoughts of chastity concept. To face the Millennium sufferings caused by typical concept of chastity of traditional Chinese women, different men and women had different perceptions. Male writers often wrote from an objective point and revealed the social causes of this suffering, whereas women writers tended to a perceptual style, proceeding from their own experiences and maintain sorrows of this suffering. On the other hand, most of the women bound by traditional chastity were weak images, were only sad pathetic victim of society in male writers'novels. But women writers tended to endow these women with strong personality, amazing vitality, and their struggle shinning with sparkles of the pursuit of human spirit. From the perspective of writers, male and female writers are also different, male writers were affected by male center doctrine, on the one hand, they reflected the oppression women suffered, on the other hand, they praised and defended this chastity of concept unconsciously, so sometimes their views wandered between traditional and modern concepts, and exposed an attitude of suspicion and contradictions. However, women writers held a more firm attitude towards it.Chapter four mainly surveys the chastity concept from revolutionary literature, Yan'an literature development to the new China's socialist left-wing literature, until to the pinnacle of this aberration of cultural revolution, that is, no love ruthlessly clone the cultural revolution literature. In proletariat revolution period, the contents of literature were restricted, and began to pursue fidelity pure, love should not be petty ambience, sex is a corruption morality which cannot be described, those who pursued sexual liberation is backward and reactionary. When proletariat went on historical stage and made regime, positive description of sex almost disappeared, which the deep affection was brought by male chauvinism and left wing politics. Literature of the20th century change from initially praising women pursuing freedom and love and marriage to extreme" no love no sex" literary principle, which lies in the road taken by China in20th century. Literature gradually lost its independence and became a part of revolution on the way of revolution, war and salvation to explore access to save our nation. Thus inevitably Chinese literature in20th century entered a period of combining with politics. It was limited by politics and revealed the severe discipline imposed on it, so Chinese literature in20th century entered a winding road with Chinese characteristics of chastity concept and conspiring with politics.Chapter five mainly tells how the literature in the new era reconsiders on the concept of chastity once again. Influenced by ancient tradition and revolutionary tradition, literature in the new period was enlightened by western ideas, and conservative concept of chastity has been loosened, but restrictions does not mean it was liberated completely, but it had constant twists in this process. Mainstream ideology carries forward the main theme, seeking stable and progressive, so for some of the performance of new works on the concept of chastity will often take the form of discipline to reduce its impact. But social after all is from extreme of a Yuan slowly trend multiple development, different of tone began get vocal of opportunities, despite so of some breakthrough constantly of was from mainstream of criticism and rules training, but and no barrier writers were from carefully to back of breakthrough, until to another extreme:sexual flood, especially the period past1990is considered as a desire narrative of times, this is another trend of chastity literature in the a new era.Overall, the doors open and people are longing for change in early20th century left-wing literature and revolutionary literature, before and after the May Fourth period, intellectual fashion is condemnation of feudal history of chastity in crimes against Chinese women's literature expression, new intellectual abomination feudal concept of chastity, they are echoing with the liberation of thought prevailing in the West, with more liberal sexual attitudes. But after all the old hereditary heavy and stubborn, social infrastructure, as well as preserved ancient traditions of feudal clans in the atmosphere of this fresh blow came only after vague ripples, the former description of performance in a large number of rural Lucretia tragedies in new literary works, which are reflected in Ling Shuhua's writers, such as describing "Sublime Porte Family " in a series of works. The other hand, starting from the left-wing literature has been laid "abstinence" seeds, the Yan'an literature and the beginning of the founding of the Socialist literature period we will see the "liberation" of marriage of the concept of "conservative" attitude, enthusiastic,"abstinence" as a result of the war because the harsh "legitimate" reasons. We can see on the advocacy work of independent, feudal marriage, but is rarely seen on the speaking of love, much less see description of lust, people throw these personal feelings aside, and all forces are gathered political torrent to unify their thinking in favor of the victory of the revolution. When connected to a "petty-bourgeois style" heroes are rare, the hero becomes a hero of workers, and these have been of May Fourth enlightenment emancipation of workers of the exalted idea of chastity is still traditional. Get-back in this state of affairs in the new period literature, even rampant development to another extreme. But in fact, this so-called "sexual promiscuity" we don't need "universal moral turpitude" roughly and scream to simple negation. Because in the period of social transformation, different social groups with different values, behind a complex phenomenon, we can see the embarrassment of that kind of life and dead coexist.The innovation of the thesis lies in:Firstly, the author makes her research from the angle of chastity in study of Chinese literature in the20th century, through modern literature in20th century literature, modern literature, and contemporary literature in the research context. The chastity in Chinese literature in20th century deeply presents that is entangled with political development, on the overall development of this unique study is to focus efforts in this article. Secondly, there is still no results from social gender theory perspective on chastity concept in20th century literature, so this paper makes a breakthrough in theory perspective and research object area; thirdly, integrated history, psychology and sociology, the author takes interdisciplinary paradigm in this paper by the latest research results of Humanities Social Science in literature research, making a breakthrough in research method.