Chen Huan "mao" Tone Note

Chen Huan (1789-1863) is an Linguist in Qing Dynasty who is famous for study of Mao Shi. Earthling always gives him compliment for "Annotation" and "Textual criticism", but his "Phonology " is seldom mentioned. Chen Huan is the student of Duan Yucai who taught him a lot and enjoy his high level in phonology. By studying Shi Mao Shi Yin and Shi Mao Shi Chuan Shu in the scope of phonology, we could know Chen's understanding in "Acient Phonolog", and we could have a more complete knowing of his academically studying.This paper is mainly studying phonetic notation of Mao Shi and conclude the his comprehension for "Acient Phonolog" based on the book Shi Mao Shi Yin and Shi Mao Shi Chuan Shu. In the two books, Shi Mao Shi Yin is based on phonetic notation while Shi Mao Shi Chuan Shu is mainly about explanation, so this paper would be chiefly about Shi Mao Shi Yin and Shi Mao Shi Chuan Shu would be subordinate. The studying is mainly separated by several sections below.Firstly, in order to show Chen's views to phonetics and strict attitude towards academic, we would analyzing Chen's theory of phonetics and studying method, Via studying the two books, we could find Chen recognized that pronunciation is in development, the ancient is different from the present and district would make difference too. For being serious to academic, Chen used "Xiesheng, Tongjia, Yiwen, Phonetic, Voice training, Alliteration and assonance, review about rhyming words", and he cited references to prove his views.Secondly, do study on the property and content of Chen's phonetic notation. Chen's purpose of phonetic notation to mao shi is giving labels to pronunciation of mao shi, although he didn't conclude a whole "Voice system", we could get the recognition of phonetic notation. There are two types in Chen's phonetic notation, one is just the simple phonetic notation for which there is no relation between note word and phonetic notation word; the other is phonetic notation and ideographic, which would be explained while phonetic notation.Thirdly, conclude the characteristic of consonants,vowels and tones in Chen's mind by scanning the single phonetic notation word in Mao shi with statistics method. By researching the1236phonetic notation, Chen thought the characteristic of ancient consonants is that bilabial and labiodental is the same pronunciation,Shetouyin and Sheshangyin are identical, Zhang group and Jing group are the same pronunciation,the Zhao2group belong to the Jing group, Ri mu is belongs to Ni mu,Yi mu and Ding mu are identical." Besides, the research to the vowels is similar to Yucai Duan's. Chen Huan had recognized the match between Yin and Yang which is a progress. As to tone, Chen's idea is almost the same as Yucai Duan that "tone" was already existed in ancient times, and ancient times tone is different from present tone, that is there is no falling tone in ancient times tone and falling tone had close relationship with falling tone in ancient times.Fourthly, this paper researches the relationship between Chen and Duan, concludes the archaic and development in archaic Chinese phonology by the contrast the characteristic of archaic Chinese phonology made by Chen reflected in mao shi and the research of archaic Chinese phonology made by Duan. We could conclude that Chen inherited and developed the idea of Duan in archaic Chinese phonology He inherited the research of consonants by Duan that is "in the ancient Duan group and Zhi group are the same pronunciation, Zhang group and Zhi group,Duan group are the same pronunciation, Zhao2group belong to the Jing group, Ying mu is Self-contained, Xia mu and Yayin are the same pronunciation." and the idea of vowels which is "The之,支and脂are different pronunciation, Zhen and Wen are different pronunciation,冬and东are the same pronunciation, different Yin rhyme can be associated with the same rhyme department", besides, he also inherited all of the ideas about tone of voice. Based on this, Chen also developed the idea of archaic Chinese phonology by Duan, he thought characteristic of consonants in ancient times is Yi mu and Ding mu are identical, Ri mu is belongs to Ni mu while the "Zhibu" and "Weibu" should be separated.At last, make conclusions of the ancient times tone of voice via studying Chen's Phonetic notation, and make judgment of Chen's ideas. Chen's advancement is he recognized the characteristic of ancient times consonants which is "Zhao2group belong to the Jing group, Ri mu is belongs to Ni mu, Yi mu and Ding mu are identical", the characteristic of ancient times vowels that is "Zhi and Wei discrete" and his inheritage of the idea in tone of voice made by his teacher Yucai Duan. Chen's shortage is his understand of labial consonants are not clear enough and lacking of the view "ancient have no labiodental" that has been approved by Daxin Qian at that time; his recognition of "Zhang group" and "Jing group of consonants" didn't follow the characteristic of ancient pronunciation. His disadvantages about vowels mainly are he thought',冬and东are the same pronunciation, You group and Hou pronounced the same "in ancient times.Chen's idea about ancient phonology is part of his own, which inherited from Duan's idea but found some characteristics Duan didn't know. That shows that Chen didn't only have accomplishments in exegetics and collation, but also have great achievements in phonology.