Yuan Dynasty And Qing Dynasty Han Policy Comparative Study

The Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were the only two national regimes established by the national minorities after they moved into the Central Plains in Chinese history. The two dynasties had played crucial roles on the development and consolidation of our multinational country. It was inseparable from the nationality policy, especially the Han policy they had pursued. The nationality policies of the two dynasties were the important components of nationality policy system in the whole feudal society. And consequently, they had the characteristics of nationality policy of all ancient dynasties. But these two dynasties were established by the national minorities, which was the most different from other feudal dynasties. Therefore, the understanding of national issues, the starting point and angle of view of formulating and implementing nationality policy were different from those of other dynasties. This dissertation selects these two special dynasties to have a comparative study.The important value of the study on nationality policy in history lies in providing reference for today's development and perfection of nationality policy, and for handling ethnic issues properly. There is no doubt that the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty had already become an integral part of Chinese history. However, the history has the complicated relationship with the reality. Actually, today's Chinese national problems are closely linked to the two dynasties'multitudinous national and social problems. Researching into the Han policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, objectively understanding these two minority nationality regimes how to formulate the nationality policy and how to handle the relationship to the Han nationality, and then inquiring into the reasons for success and failure to learn lessons from the history, will deepen the reconsidering and development about the national theory and policy, and will be helpful to deal with the national problems properly.This dissertation aims to make a comprehensive investigation and analysis on the Han policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty by using the national theory and policy, and the relative theories and methods of the subjects, such as policy, history, ethnology, etc. then from the angle of comparative history, the thesis attempts to make an overall comparison and systematic comment on the Han people policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty from policy subject, object, social environment, content, and implementation effect. Finally, the author summarizes several enlightenments on China's contemporary national policy development and improvement.This thesis includes three parts, i.e. introduction, main body and conclusion.The introduction part focuses on the purpose and the significance of research, the general academic research both at home and abroad, the definition of basic concepts and the illustration of relevant issues, the main content and methods of the study. Chapter one is about the formation and development of the Han policy in the Yuan Dynasty. This study discusses not only about the history after the Yuan Dynasty unified China, but also about the Mongol Khanate time. This part mainly investigates the social background, main content and features of formation and development of the Han policy in this period. On the basis of this, the author summarizes the principles of Han nationality policy of the Yuan Dynasty government, and evaluates its implementation effect.Chapter two is about the formation and development of the Han policy in the Qing Dynasty. This thesis discusses not only the history in the period of the Qing Dynasty as the national regime, but also latter Jing as a local political power. This part mainly investigates the social background, main content and features of formation and development of the Han policy in this period. Based on this, the author summarizes the principles of Han nationality policy of the Qing Dynasty government, and evaluates its implementation effect.Chapter three makes a comparison and evaluation of the policy of Han nationality in the Qing Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, which includes:(1) the comparison and analysis on policy subject, object, content, social environment, and implementation effect;(2) the evaluation on the advantages and the disadvantages of the policy of Han nationality in the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. By analyzing the similarities and differences of the Han nationality policy in these two dynasties, and exploring the deep reasons, the part further deepen the understanding of the Han policy in the two dynasties. Chapter four comes up with the enlightenment of the Han policy in the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty to the nationality policy process of contemporary China. It includes:(1) the enlightenment to the idea level of contemporary nationality policy;(2) the enlightenment to formulation level of contemporary nationality policy;(3) the enlightenment to the implementation level of contemporary nationality policy.The conclusion part draws some conclusions from the following five aspects:the commonness and the difference of the Han nationality policy between the two dynasties and the other past feudalism dynasties, the experiences and the lessons learned from the Han policy in the two dynasties, the similarities and differences of the Han nationality policy in the two dynasties, the important influence of nationality policy to nationality relationship from the comparison of the Han policy between the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the enlightenment of the Han policy in the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty to contemporary nationality affairs.In summary, through the review, comparison and reflection on the Han nationality policy in the Yuan Dynasty and in the Qing Dynasty, the author hopes that this thesis can provide some valuable experience to promote today's nationality affairs.