The Watertight Compartments Ship Cultural Heritage Research

Watertight compartments are the main part of the modern large-scale ship hull structure to take the water tightness is an important measure to protect the security of navigation. Universally acknowledged, this invention comes from ancient China. In historical documents, watertight compartment has a long history, watertight compartments ship relics also continually found in archaeological excavations. In2008. the manufacturing techniques of the living heritage of the watertight compartments Fu ship has been included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage,2010, it be passed in the UNESCO assessment of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. According to historical documents and field research, the author use of a large number of informative and credible information, a comprehensive and systematic study of the watertight compartments ship cultural heritage, to explore its origin, development and the skills of the watertight compartments skills subsisting cultural space.In order to understand the connotation and Inheritance of manufacturing techniques of watertight compartments, the author conducted a long field survey in Jinjiang City and Ningde area in Fujian province, where be the declaration regions of watertight compartments shipbuilding techniques.In-depth study of the "compartment" in the Chinese shipbuilding, the authors found its cultural values. From design, the core of the Chinese ship is "four main compartment plates ", four main compartment plates decided the entire hull structure, this design method is still using by Fujian ship craftsmen. From the construction process, the Chinese ship compartment plates and outer plate be assembled on the keel layer by layer, rather Western shipbuilding assembled from inside and outside the ribs. Form sea power competition, the ship watertight compartment plates become an obstacle to the development of sea power. Furthermore, the shipwrights by the compartment plate shipbuilding method save money save labor, ingenious and scientific, the same strain with the Chinese culture, but also Chinese and Western cultures where the differences. In this way, the watertight compartments significance is higher than originally claimed that resistance to sinking and the separating the cargo area, it is a typical representative of Chinese culture in shipbuilding technology. Understands the culture through the technique details, is an effective method for non-technical class heritage protection. Through the study of historical material, the authors believe that the watertight compartments technology and socio-economic closely related. The rapid development of Chinese small business joint business model has played a key role in promoting and consolidating watertight compartments technology. Ocean sailing and ship inspection system have improved and perfected the shipbuilding technology. Ancient Chinese ship type also gradually changed in the role of measuring method in the ship inspection tax system. Although the advantages of the watertight compartments has been found by the Westerners, but Boycott policy implemented in the critical historical period cf China resulted in the Chinese big ships disappeared and the construction of the big ship's technology can't develop, so Westerners contempt the Chinese shipbuilding technology while hidden watertight compartments naturally did not pay attention. Its scientific value as late as the18th century was recognized by westerners.The authors also found that there are no written criteria in evaluating traditional shipbuilding, but People are fair. How the ship owners measure the skill of the shipbuilding craftsman, and how the craftsman evaluate himself, are basis for shipbuilding booming. While, official standards for the shipbuilding technology play a rcle of promoting or hinder. Folk beliefs are very popular in South Fuji an, so the ship beliefs provided People moral support. They have the hybrid characteristics, the species is abundant, widespread, and with the time development are innovative.Watertight compartments Fu ship cultural heritage declare regions are Jinjiang and Ningde, which on behalf of two of history and current situation. These two regions jointed to declare the heritage to be successful, and they conduct in different ways to protect and pass on. One kind of protect way is to produce ship model in support of the Government, the old craftsman, according to the ancient study and recovery of ancient warships, while others ship craftsman is the Consciously produce the past fishing ships model, left future generations of the traditional image data.Shipwreck explorer, archaeological heritage protection needs and the full research to the Old Boat, so that people are keen to recover in Old Boat. The beginning of this century, the'green eyebrows", the "Pacific Princess" and the "Taiwan ship" are instances of recovery by the manufacturing techniques of the watertight compartments. In2010, the project of Copy the "South Sea No.1" Antique Song ship was launched by the Maritime Silk Road Museum, and they selected Chen FangCai responsible for the design, I had the honor to participate in this work. I found in the observation, the watertight bulkhead in the cultural heritage has been in the context of different private evaluation. But it is undeniable that dangerous of this heritage mainly lies in the conflicts between traditional craft with modern standards. The shipbuilding craftsmen are difficult to face the new technology and new standard test, and inappropriate modern standards become obstacles to recovery Old Boat. Therefore, to reset wooden sailship construction standards become an urgent need, in order to get rid of the modern standards erode and damage to traditional skills.In heritage protection, heritage, government, and experts to strengthen cooperation, make plans, carry out experiments and provide a new market for the highly technical vulnerable industry, to explore a way for the watertight compartments shipbuilding skills revival.