Study On Changyang Dialect's Grammar

This paper describes Changyang dialect's grammar. Changyang dialect belongs to the southwest Mandarin. But there are many differences between Mandarin and Changyang dialect.The suffix "zi(子)" is more common in changyang dialect than Mandarin, and it can form many kinds of POS besides noun. Both the suffix "da(哒)" and the suffix "sheng(生)"are the suffixes to form the descriptive adjective in Changyang dialect.The locative-noun "li(里)" is usually used to form a new locativ structure by suffixing a noun. The human noun with the suffix "li(里)" means somebody's home, and so is the pronoun with the suffix "li(里)".The word "da(搭)" can conjunct integers and fractional numbers. The measure words can qualify the noun without numerals.The honorific title of "you" is "ni er(你尔)"。The plural form of "ni er(你尔)" is "ni er men(你尔们)"."ni er(你尔)" comes from "ni lao(你老)".The demonstrative pronoun "zhe(这)"cannot serve as attributive without the measure word "ge(个)", neither is the demonstrative pronoun "na(那)".In Changyang dialect, some prepositions'functions are not the same as them in Mandarin. The the preposition "zai(在)","dao(到)'"gen(跟)" can only be used before verb. The the preposition "gei(给)" can only be used after verb. The preposition "zai(在)"can introduce the destination and the location in which a motion occurs. The the preposition "jin(尽)" can be used in passive sentences to introduce the agent. The the preposition "guo(过)" can be used to introduce the instrumental case. The preposition "xin(请)"can be used to introduce the agent as object.The word "(da)哒"can be divided to "da1(哒1)''and "da1(哒1)"."da1(哒1)" can be used in perfect tense, as the word"le1(了1)"in Mandarin. The word "da2(哒2)" means the change, as the"le2(了2)"in Mandarin. The word "dao(倒)","qi(起)''can be used in continuance tense, and they cannot be used in existential construction. The word "zai(在)"means static continuance by ending a sentence.The diminutives can be made by using the suffix "-er(伢儿)"or word reduplication with the "r-ending retroflexion" or word reduplication being suffixed by "zi(子)". The double object construction meaning giving has two kinds of word order:"V+O人+O物"and "V+O物+O人".The negative word "mei you(没有)"is used in perfect tense, and so is the word "mei(没)".The word "mei de(没得)"negatives "you(有)". The word "bu de(不得)"negatives probability. The word "mo(莫)"and the word"bu(不)"mean prohibition.The directional complement is connected with rheme by "da(哒)" or "de(得)". The structure "rheme+Possible Complement" in Changyang dialect is "V de(V得)" or "V de V/A(V得V/A)". The structure "V bu de (V不得)" negatives "V de(V得)". The structure "V bu A (V不A)" negatives "V de V/A (V得V/A)".