The Time And The Poet: A Study Of Gong Ding-zi, His Poetics Theory And Creative Writing

Gong Ding-zi was one of the most three famous poets of east-china in the Beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and also a signal of the circles of poets in Beijing capital. He played an important role in the circles of poets in his time by combing his creative writing and other literary activities. In particular, he had a far-reaching influence on the evolution of the circles of poets in early KangXi Age. The article analyzes his poetics, poetry writing and the effect to the development of the Qing Dynasty literature linking to the evolution of both sociopolitical and literature factors.The first chapter of the article introduces Gong Ding-zi's life experience and his writings, and the current research fruits about his literature.His experience of FuShe and factional strife from the Ming ChongZhen period to the Qing KangXi period which will be expatiated on in the second chapter, was one of source of his poetic theory and creative writing. His experience in the year of 1644 is discussed in this chapter because it was vital for him to be involved in factional strife.The third chapter is about Gong Ding-zi's poem writing affiliate with Adherents to the past Ming Dynasty, and how he provided money and helped them escape from the government persecution. His three experiences from ShunZhi to early KangXi days showed a process that he forgave, accepted and adored as a turncoat official by the Adherents to the past Ming Dynasty, in the end became a signal in the circle of poets in the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.The fourth chapter introduces Gong Ding-zi's experience in the capital circles of poets, especially paying close attention to the effects he took on YanTai Qizi and Wang Shizhen. The chapter also introduces the publishing of Jiang Zuo San Da Jia Anthology. His recommence and appreciation helped Wang Shizhen to be accepted by the Adherents in the South of Yangtze River, additional, Wang completed his change from Tang poerty to Song poetry when he learned from Gong in the early KangXi Age.The next refers to Gong Ding-zi's poetics. Based on the theories of FuShe and the school, Gong established his poetic idea that poems should express one's true thought and emotion, and poems should benefit the society and politics. Entering Qing Dynasty, because of more association with the School of YunJian, he adhered to the doctrine of back to the ancients and regarded Dufu as his example. His idea harmonized the Theory of Temperament with the Theory of Artistic Styles. In his old age, he seemed to accept some theories about Song pomes. Gong's poetic idea which based on the Theory of Temperament and conciliate different viewpoints adapt to great social and potical changes after snafu.The last two chapters analyze his poetry writing, respectively making a simple analysis about its subject matter and artistic characteristic of his poems. Those pomes that he followed the rhymes of the ancient poets have his obvious individual character, also showed his harmonizing of the Theory of Temperament with the Theory of Artistic Styles.