| Since the establishing of the Republica of china, Beijing seized the ending of autocratic imperial rule and the establishing of the Democratic Republic country as an opportunity to start a rapid development process of modernization.With the rapid growthing of modern capitalism, the stubborn existencing of traditional economic, the constructing of modern urbanization, and the changing of socio-cultural environment, the Beijing's Drama Market inherited the traditions and absorbed the new materials, and formed an initial market system, and thus promoted the climax of the drama since the late Qing Dynasty to a new peak. Compared with the drama in the late Qing Dynasty, the establishment of the Beijing's Drama Market has some important qualitative changes.This paper attempts to analyze the Drama Market in this period, and restores the market structure, the basic format, operating system, competition and management system, etc., and trying to judge its stage of development, explain its values and characteristics in the perspective of synchronic and diachronic. In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into seven chapters:The chapterâ… introduces the historical background and the external environment of the Beijing's Drama Market in 1912-1937.In a long time,Beijing as the capital of china also was the drama centre. So, Beijing had undergone several development summits in the history of drama, and set off another climax once again in 1912-1937. Meanwhile, changes in political status of the modern Beijing, the development of capitalism, the spread of democratic ethos, and the development of mass media in the process of modernization, forcing the Drama Market to face a new social and cultural environment which is different from the authoritarian era.The chapterâ…¡analyzes the composition of the Beijing's Drama Market. The drama was to be an independence entertainment industry in the modern market system,and had build a perfect market system. In the aspect of Market Entity, the troupe and the theater had founded a effective cooperation system. In the aspect of the Object of Market, the audiences was growing with differentiating within the group, and showed some different characteristics in consumption. And, the Liyuan Association, the theater Association and other intermediary organizations also developed. The effective "structured" between the troupe, the theater, the industry associations, and the audience had promoted a continual prosperity of the Beijing's Drama Market in the Republic of China.Chapterâ…¢discuss the structure and the type of operation state of the Beijing's Drama Market which is formed and supported by commercial theatricals, private theatricals and voluntary theatricals. The commercial theatricals is the basic format and revenue in the market. The private theatricals is a perform that the troupe or the actor is invited to participate in a celebration of an unilateral marriage, birthday, etc,the actor can gain a high returns. The voluntary theatricals is to play a show to help the poor, or for relief or for the public welfare and charity which reflects the morality of the actors. The three forms are supplied each other, not only increasing the high-spirited vitality in art, but also boosting the drama in the market as a bustling scene with flowers, even then incarnating the humane care and values in the commercial markets in spirit.Chapterâ…£explores the market mechanisms and economic relations between troupe and the theater. The troupe and the theater as two separate economic entity,which cooperated in the way of a troupe take a theater or signed contract between them. On the distribution, the theater and the troupe formed split system, rental system, book system and other distribution systems. In the inner system, the troupe arranged the plays and distributed the revenues in accordance with the internal level of role, the theater usually leased out some sideline businesses to other operators. Meanwhile, the drama joint with the mass media,so the advertisement was to bring into the considerations in business.Chapterâ…¤reviews the drastic competition in the Bejing's Drama Market, and analyzes the changes arosed by it. Outside of the the Bejing's Drama Market,the movies brought a strong concussion on the Drama Market exteriorly by novel art form and popularization of the charge. In the internal market,there were fierce competition between the troupes,theaters,and actors.The competition compelled the market entity to take some strategies. And, motivated by the competition, some changes happened in the market structure, the role of institutions, the play price, the groups characteristics of actor,the communication of drama,which accelerated the modernization process of thedrama industry objectively.Chapterâ…¥discusses the management of the Bejing's Drama Market by government. In the period of Republic of China, the government reinforced the degree of management and control for the Drama Market, which trended to be institutionalization and standardization. Viewed from the changes of regulatory agencies, Beijing's Drama Market has experienced two stages, before1928, the Drama Market is mainly controlled by the Office of the Capital Police,and the Ministry of Education and Popular Education also beared some functions; after 1928, the Drama Market was mainly managed by the Bureau of Social,the health, security, finance, education and other functional departments keep an assistant. In view of the content of the management, the examination for plays is the core, particularly during the period of Beiping Bureau of Social, a large number of plays and perfoms were examined and supervised. In addition, as an important source of tax revenue for government, the tax management of the drama is also an important content.Chapterâ…¦is an epilogue, mainly discusses the transition stage and their characteristics of the Beijing's Drama Market from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic. Compared with the main foreign Drama Markets, Beijing's Drama Market in 1912-1937 was still in a preliminary stage,and showed an obvious transition characteristics in the market format, operation mechanism, management system, etc.which was impacted by the historical traditions and modern capitalism.The Beijing's Drama Market between 1912-1937, inherited and integrated the climax of the Qing Dynasty, promotes the modern dama market to another height.In the game of motivity of the modernization and the resistance of historical and cultural traditions, the situation and transition characteristics of Beijing's Drama Market represents the most cities which have to face in the process of modernization,so it has a universal significance,and as an example for Royal capital transferred into a local citiy,it has a unique meaning and cultural significance. |
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