| ObjectivesUnder the guidance of the idea of "posing the problems—analysising of the problems—solving the problems", this study has collected the massive primary data with the main object of observation of the village clinics in Hubei, Jiangsu and Hebei provinces. Based on those data, the study has carried on the depth Analysis of the role which acts originally to the village clinic, then, with the aid of sociological, economic, histology correlation theories, unioned health policy, region health plan situation and experience of overseas health Service organizations, discussed the ideal role model and support program of the village clinic in new rural sanitation services structure, as well as explained how can the role of village clinic location be realized from two great angles of view of management and government.MethodsUnder the theories of health economics, hygienic statistics and operations researches, this study made further processing of data, which was gained through spot investigation, correspondence investigation and individual depth interviews, by using the Delphi method, two steps cluster, the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation as well as the Bayes Discriminate Analysis Method. The union of literature review, the role theories, the path dependence theory and the Governance Theory, has provided powerful support for the research on social role of village clinics.ResultsThrough the studies' actual survey and the theoretical analysis, the research demonstrated the role and position the village clinics should be, analysised the reasons of the phenomena of disturbances of the role from the 1980s. Based on the trace analysis of path dependence and macroeconomic situation of health reform in our country, this study constructed an ideal model of village clinics in new rural period. In the model, there are detailed statements about what the holding form for village clinics should be and how to act the essential role, basic role and active role, meanwhile, the study puts forward the support system needed by the model and builds a perfect operational system for village clinics together.In order to enable the new role of the village clinic to being acted successfully, a supporting system , which can provide the infrastructure and talented persons, support from the financial and funds resource, is necessary, and the government need plan the range of service and degree of countryside third-level health network reasonably and rigorously, limit their responsibilities clearly, reform organization's establishment, operation way as well as achievements system of examining and assessment of village clinic, and Establish closed loop supervising mechanism. Only when transformation and implementation of the system was employed by two methods to achieve one goal, can we security the roles of village clinic to transform fundamentally toward direction of our expectation.ConclusionsFollowing "the principle really blends" principle, through historical review and description of the present situation, this article adopts in the way which the theoretical analysis and the empirical study was unified and draws the following eight basic conclusions.(1) The village clinic belongs to the orthoscopic management official organization, whose function is to undertake stipulated works , such as the prophylaxis, mother and child care, health education, disabled persons' recovery, and provides diagnosis of common disease, frequently-occurring diseases and general the service of extension examines.(2)During the period of new rural , the effect and positioning of social role of the village clinic must be "the porter" of the public health, "the protective umbrella" of the farmers' health, "control valve" of the medical expense and "stabler" of the rural community.(3) During the period of new rural, the holding property and form of the village clinic: hold by collectivity, hold by collectivity and rural doctors or hold by private, no matter how the property right and management right is held, the village clinics should keep their property of non-profit and welfare. (4) Presently, the role of village clinics is chaotic and is different from the existed preinstall role localization. The reasons of this kind of phenomenon are that the investment from country and collective to village clinic is insufficient, the reform on rural sanitation is lag, the supervision of administration of public health department is disadvantageous and the consciousness of own social role of village clinics is insufficiency. (5) The precondition of Solving localization question of social role of village clinic is to look for role which the accurate village clinic must act clump and role structure. In ideal role model, the social role of village clinics is composed by essential role, basic role and positive role. The essential role was provided by Public health service, the basic role was basic medical service, and the positive role was correlated behavior that could act promoting effect to coordinated and healthy development.(6) The support system of social role model of village clinics during the new rural period: support and supply for the infrastructure, supply and ensure for personnel, launch and continue for finance and funds.(7)Monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the social role of village clinics during the new rural period: six parts of check method, medical ethics and style(100 points), service and management of community health care(250 points) , management of New Rural Co-operative Medical System(150 points), hygiene and disease control (250 points ), data management (100 points), mother and child health care(150 points).(8) The reform from government based on the view from the angle of management and government is the Powerful safeguard to realizes role localization of the village clinic under the new rural environment. Under the reform on the view from the angle of management we use two step cluster law, the TOPSIS quality synthetic evaluation law as well as the Bayes distinction analytic method to locate the social role of the village clinic based on science localization of overall frame of the village clinic, and discover the necessity of related transformation from government with game theory. Under the reform on the view from the angle of government, we draw the conclusion that, through the malpractice analysis to the present chain surveillance's sanitation system, only establishes closed loop supervising mechanism can carry on the transform of rural sanitation smoothly.SuggestionsTo coordinate closely role system of village clinic movement, this research proposed some policy suggestions which is suitable to the new countryside times.(1) The houses construction or the use of village clinics should be acted as circumstances permit. We should treat the houses differently which were being used and met the national requirements in area and function district, for the administrative villages which were without the village clinics or did not meet the national requirements in area and function district, their houses should be constructed by county, township government through overall plan investment, and property right of the houses belongs to the village committee. So the village committee should do the job of maintenance and restoration, they could apply the maintenance cost to the government.(2) The fundamental equipments for the village clinics should be acquired according to local economy and actual need. To those village clinics whose equipments were being used and met the national requirements, their equipments belonged to country, regardless of their investment come from government or personal, and their equipments should be managed by villages and towns public health center. And the equipments , which were invested by personal , the county health bureau should carry on the depreciation compensation according to equipment condition and make sure that they belonged to country. To those administrative villages that did not own village clinics or owned village clinics that did not meet the national requirements, their fundamental equipments should be invested by country and County health bureau, and their property right belonged to country , their equipments should be managed by villages and towns Public health center.(3) Drugs equipment of village clinics should be accorded to stipulation from the laws of《Pharmaceuticals administration》,《contents of basic medication for Rural doctors》, including how to carry on equipment of the type, quantity of drugs according to range of local regulation. The funds for drugs equipment of village clinic should accord to nature of management. If it was public nature, like the village manages, the public health center to manage, the village and the public health center holds jointly, Village committee or Villages and township hospitals should invest. If not, the rural doctors should invest.(4) Under the situation that rural sanitation troop was used fully, we should attracts the increase unceasingly. Through seeking for the appropriate replacer in the village, the Villages and towns Public health center supposed the spot directly, mobilized the regular medicine colleges and universities to practice medicine the graduate to the villages, restored the technical college, the specialized middle school doctor's school record education. By doing so, safeguard talented person supply for village clinics. In the planned, inspected closed loop training way, we could improve rural doctor's overall quality and the vocational level.(5) When the government wants to invest to the public health, it should consider more for the rural, enlarge the support dynamics. The government should support the public health, the basic medical service, the personnel training financially which belong to the spill-over effect project, change the method that we carry on subsidy to the health agency differently just by Per capita, follow public finance's principle that we adjust the financial support points to public health, prevention health care, training of manpower in the way of the fixed quantity, decided an allocation and increases the finance transfer payment dynamics.(6) Policy initiative for the village clinics in the science government angle: the governments should set up the fair administrative idea, organize and establish consultation government mechanism positively, absorb the citizen, the social group to join the public decision-making process, introduce the third department to participate in the collective services the supplies. And the government and the administration of public health department carry on the supervision to the hygienic service supplies main body.(7) Based on the new plan, the government should make the adjustment and the transformation in the organization establishment, operation system, achievements system of examining and assessment, change chain type surveillance restricts the mechanism to restrict the mechanism for the closed loop surveillance, establish health agency and populace's good interaction enable the reform to implement effectively earnestly.Creations and Limits1. Creations(1) Utilizing the theory of social role, following the systematical analysis of the village clinics which in the rural health system, defining the social role expectancy of village clinics in new socialist villages and recognizing its connotation, constructing the role model of village clinics, the article can enrich and develop the theories about how the government should solve the problems existing in business, management etc. in village clinics, it also supplies a new way of policy thinking for understanding the role of village clinics, which has more high applied value in current realistic situation.(2) The research puts forward the ways and methods in theory to realize the role expectancy of village clinics, and focusing on the social support system of village clinics during the social transformation period, it provides policy and practical support for practical model of the rural health management, thus ensuring village clinics play their roles well in rural health service system.2. LimitsWith limited conditions in data collection, the collected data samples in the research are very limited compared with propositions to be examined, it also needs to be further investigated in comprehensiveness of the indicator design and scientific nature of the data acquisition. Meanwhile, in the role positioning of village clinics, it is necessary to explore from several theoretical angles, but confined by the knowledge of the writer, many theories could not be comprehended overall and deeply.
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