| This thesis reports the studies on chemical constituents and antifungal activities of three medicainal plants Sophora davidii(Franch.) Kom.ex Pavol.,Litsea rubescens Lee. var.rubescens and Litsea rubescens Lec.var.yunnanesis,distributed in Guizhou province. The constituents were isolated by chromatographic methods,and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectroscopic data,and their antifungal activities against phytopathogens were evaluated by the KB disk diffusion test.86 compounds were isolated from three chinese traditional herb drugs,out of which 79 compounds were identified from these plants for the first time except for compound BCH-4,BCH-10, BCH-11,BCH-12,BCH-13,BCH-14,BCHG-4,BCHG-7,BCHG-8,BCHG-15 and BCHG-16.The compounds resembled with typical alkaloid,flavone,coumarin, anthraquinone,triterpene,steroid and fatty acid structures.11 compounds belonging to alkaloids,flavonoids,benzoquinone and anthraquinone displayed antifungal activities. Total alkaoids from the Sophora davidii(Franch.) Kom.ex Pavol.,Litsea rubescens Lec. var.rubescens and Litsea rubescens Lec.var.rubescens could inhibit acetylcholi-nesterase. 101391 15 compounds were isolated from the seeds of Sophora davidii(Franch.) Kom.ex Pavol.,in which 14 compounds were identified asβ-sitosterol(BCH-1),maackiain (BCH-2),7-hydroxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyisoflavone(BCH-3),7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone (BCH-4),7,3′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxfiavone(BCH-5),diosmetin(BCH-6),calycosin (BCH-7),trifolirhizin(BCH-8),daucosterol(BCH-9),sophocarpine(BCH-10),matrine (BCH-11),sophoridine(BCH-12),oxysophocarpine(BCH-13) and oxymatrine(BCH-14). Besides compound BCH-4,BCH-10,BCH-11,BCH-12,BCH-13 and BCH-14,the others were obtained from this plant for the first time.20 compounds were isolated from the roots and stems of Sophora davidii,in which 18 compounds were identified as nonacosan-1-o1 (BCHG-1),tfiacontanol(BCHG-2),hexacosanoic acid(BCHG-3),β-sitosterol(BCHG-4), triacontanie acid(BCHG-5),1-mono-palmitin(BCHG-6),maackiain(BCHG-7),7-hydroxy -3′,4′-methylenedioxyisoflavone(BCHG-8),dotriacontanic acid(BCHG-9),resveratrol (BCHG-10),slyceryl hexacosanoate(BCHG-11),umbelliferone(BCHG-12),hemiarin (BCHG-13),scopoletin(BCHG-14),daucosterol(BCHG-15),trifolirhizin(BCHG-16), fabiatrin(BCHG-17),sucrose(BCHG-18) by spectral studies.All compound but for BCHG-4,BCHG-7,BCHG-8,BCHG-15 and BCHG-16 were obtained from this plant for the first time.The preliminary screenings on antifungal activities of the extracts and pure compounds from S.davidii were evaluated by the KB disk diffusion test.The results showed that the ethyl alcohol extraction of the seeds inhibited the development of Colletotrichum orbiculare,Colletotrichum micotianae and Fusaruan solanif.The ethyl acetate extract fraction showed antifungal activities against Pythium porphyrae and Fusaruan solanif,while butanol extraction exhibited activities against Trichoderma vride, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Colletotrichum micotianae.The ethyl alcohol extract of the stems and roots have antifungal activities against Pythium porphyrae and Fusaruan solanif, although Pythium porphyrae and Fusaruan solanif were inhibited by the ethyl acetate extract fraction.The butanol extraction showed effect against Pythium porphyrae and the total alkaoids showed inhibition effects on the growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum micotianae and Fusaruan solanif.The fact that compound BCH-10 and BCH-11 showed inhibition effects on the growth of Colletotrichum orbiculare, Colletotrichum micotianae and Fusaruan solanif,BCH-2 and BCH-8,control of the growth of Trichoderma vride and Pythium porphyrae was understanden.33 compounds were isolated from Litsea rubescens Lec.var.rubescens,in which 29 compound.s were identified as docosane(HMY-1),eicosanol(HMY-2),heptacosanol (HMY-3),p-hydroxybenzacdehyde(HMY-4),β-sitosterol(HMY-5),erogosterol(HMY-6), glycerol-1-alkanoates(HMY-7),methyl p-coumarate(HMY-8),lupeol(HMY-9),betulin (HMY-10),betulinic acid(HMY-11),salaspermic acid(HMY-12),ursolic acid(HMY-13), methyl phaeophorbidea,3″-meester(HMY-14),emodin(HMY-15),physcion(HMY-16), n-octacosanoic acid(HMY-17),ferulic acid(HMY-18),daucosterol(HMY-19), octacosanyl ferucate(HMY-20),apigenin(HMY-21),luteolin(HMY-22),luteolin-7-O-β-D -glucopyranoside(HMY-23),kaempferol(HMY-24),quercetin(HMY-25),kaempferol-3-O -α-L-rhamnoside(HMY-26),quercitrin(HMY-27),boldine(HMY-28) and isoboldine (HMY-29).All of them were obtained from this plant for the first time.The leaves essential oil of L.rubescens was obtained by the method of hydrodistillation,and its chemical constituents were determined by analyses of GC/MS spectral data.31 components were checked out from the essential oil,in which the major compounds eudesm-11-en-4-ol (11.5%),myrcene(11.3%),β-caryophyllene(8.4%),α-phellandrene(7.1%) were cleared. The preliminary screening on antifungal activities of the extracts and compounds from L. rubescens were evaluated by the KB disk diffusion test.The results indicated that the essential oil of L.rubescens can inhibit the growth of Pythium porphyraeand Fusaruan solanif.The ethyl alcohol extraction had effect on Trichoderma vride and Pythium porphyrae.The ethyl acetate extraction can control the development of Fusaruan solanif Gaeumannomyces graminis was inhibited by water extraction and total alkaoids. Compound HMY-15 showed inhibitory effect on Trichoderma vride and Fusaruan solanif. The HMY-16 can control the growth of Trichoderma vride.The HMY-25 and HMY-27 were found effective against Trichoderma vride and Gaeumannomyces graminis.The HMY-28 had antifungal activities against Gaeumannomyces graminis.20 compounds were isolated from Litsea rubescens Lec.var.yunnanesis,in which 18 compounds were identified as 16-hentriacontanone(DMY-1),pentacosanol(DMY-2), isoselachoceric acid(DMY-3),β-sitosterol(DMY-4),gallic acid(DMY-5),β-amyrin (DMY-6),chondrillasterol(DMY-7),2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone(DMY-8),ethylgallate (DMY-9),hexxacosanol(DMY-10),triacontanoic acid(DMY-11),1-mono-palmitin (DMY-12),methyl phaeophorbidea,3″-meester(DMY-13),daucosterol(DMY-14),β-amyrin acetate(DMY-15),euchrestaflavanone A(DMY-16),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside (DMY-17) and boldine(DMY-18).All of them were obtained from this plant for the first time.The oils of this species,obtained by hydrodistillation from the fresh fruits and leaves,were examined by GC/MS.30 components were analysized in the oils from leaves and 10 components from fruits.The leaves oil was mainly composed ofβ-pinene,β-myrcene,1,8-cineole,L-linalool,terpinen-4-ol and a-terpineol.The major components of the fruits oil were limonenem and eucalyptol.The preliminary evaluations on antifungal activities of the extracts and compounds from L.rubescens were developped by the KB disk diffusion test.The results showed that the volatile oil from fruits exhibited activities against Trichoderma vride,Pythium porphyrae,Fusaruan solanif and Gaeumannomyces graminis,the leaves oils and ethyl alcohol extraction against Trichoderma vride and Pythium porphyrae.The ethyl acetate extraction can control the development of Trichoderma vride.The total alkaoids can inhibit the growth of Fusaruan solanif,while water extraction was effective against Gaeumannomyces graminis.Compound DMY-8 showed inhibition effects on the growth of Trichoderma vride,Pythium porphyrae and Fusaruan solanif.The DMY-16 and DMY-18 had antifungal activities against Gaeumannomyces graminis.
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