| In traditional Chinese medicine, Ischemic Cerebral Vascular disease categorized into wind stroke, it also named ischemic stroke and shows high rate of attack and disability. The ratio of the patients of the Ischemic Cerebral Vascular disease in all the patients of Cerebral Vascular disease is 70%-80%. Searching for effective treatment and explain its mechanism are the investigating center in the field of brain research. The good curative effect of acupuncture for ischemic stroke had been confirmed from large clinical practices. The clinical mechanism and animal researches of acupuncture for ischemic stroke had been made much progress, but the research of acupuncture for intervention of cerebra plasticity after cerebral ischemia is scarce. Lots of researches for cerebra plasticity indicate that it had acquired better effects for cerebral ischemia. Synapse is the main region of changes of activity dependence for cerebra plasticity. Re-establishment of synapse from synaptic plasticity changes is important for cerebral ischemia. Straight information communicated among nerve cells each other through gap junction. We studied acupuncture for synaptic plasticity and gap junction through communication junction in nerve cells. From this study new clue of mechanism of action and substantial rationale for clinical therapy were offered. Some aspects are related in following text.1. Literature researchIn traditional Chinese medicine , stroke had various etiological factors , complicated pathogenesis, sudden onset and different clinical manifestations and various historical experts deeply discussed and researched the disease from different aspects. Acupuncture is general therapeutic method for ischemic Cerebral Vascular disease in traditional Chinese medicine from ancient to modern society. In text Ischemic Cerebral Vascular disease interfering by Acupuncture as well as the mechanism of action treated with Acupuncture were also summarized. From multiple researches, plasticity is the most important characteristics in cerebral cortex and adaptive variation occurrence from nerve cell to neural circuit, in this study we researched acupuncture for synaptic plasticity and gap junction from communication junction among nerve cells.2. Experiments researchPurposeIn this study the effects of electric acupuncture for communication junction among nerve cells after cerebral ischemia in rats were observed.MethodsWistar rats were randomized into sham-operated group, model group and eletroacupuncture (EA) group. Each group was observed different times after ischemia and EA, respectively. Heat-coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed to establish the model of focal cerebral ischemia. The middle cerebral arteries were exposed without operation in sham-operated group. EA was delivered to Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) in EA group, following contents were observed in each group:(1) effects of learning remembrance at 12hour, 3day, 2weeks after ischemia and EA.(2) effects of fine structure of synapse at 12hour, 3day, 2weeks after ischemia and EA.(3) effects of gap junction proteinum CX32 in nerve cells at 12hour, 3day, 2weeks after ischemia and EA.Results(1) Y-maze test: sham-operated group spent least time from dangerous region to safe region after electric stimulation, but model group spent maximal time, eletroacupuncture (EA) group also spent longer time significantly than sham-operated at 12h (P<0. 01) . There had no difference between EA and model group; eletroacupuncture (EA) group also spent longer time significantly than sham-operated at 3d (P<0.001), but less than model group significantly (P<0. 001). There had no difference between EA and sham-operated group(P>0. 05). There had difference significantly between EA and model group (P<0. 01) (2) Synaptic ultrastructure: The thickness of PSD in model group decreased at all stages. EA group was lower than sham-operated group significantly at 12h, but there had no difference between EA and sham-operated group at 3d and 2weeks, but the differences between EA and model group were significant. The width of synaptic cleft decreased significantly at 12hour, 3day and 2weeks in the model group. There had no difference between EA and sham-operated group at 12h and 3days. EA group had significant differences compared with model group from 12h to 2weeks. The curvature of synaptic interface decreased obviously at, 12h, 3days and 2weeks in the model group. It decreased at 3day in the EA group, but there had less decrease compared with model group at all stages and there had differences between these two groups.(3)The expression of nerve cell gap junction CX43 and CX43mRNA: The CX43 expressions of model group with immunohistochemical method drop down at 1hour, There had significant differences compared with sham-operated group. The CX43 expressions of EA group decreased markedly at 1day, 3days , but which higher than model group. There had significant differences compared with model group at 3days. There had no differences compared with each group at 1weeks and 3weeks. The CX43mRNA expressions of model group and EA group with ISH method had differences compared with sham-operated group. The CX43mRNA expressions of model group decreased at 1week, model and EA group decreased significantly at 3days. The expressions of EA group were higher than model group (compared with model group at idays 3days and 1week).Conclusion(1) The models were made successfully according to the observation of Y-maze test, which indicate that EA could ameliorate capability of learning remembrance and reduce neurological injury.(2) From the early stage and with the prolongation of ischemia lesion, synaptic structures were damaged. The amount and area of synapses, the thickness of PSD, the width of synaptic cleft and the curvature of synaptic interface had dynamic changes. EA could promote the reconstruction of synapses from early stage by influence the synaptic ultrastructure.(3) The decreasing of CX43 expression was one mechanism of ischemic aggravation. EA could improve the expression of CX43 which provide environmental and material basis to the recovery of synapses.(4) From above conclusion we considered initially acupuncture could start the adjustment of neuron-glial network which could promote the synapticreconstruction. These were the key mechanisms of treating ischemia byacupuncture.
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