| Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital deformity in males with a reported incidence of 3/1000 live male births. There is an increasing tendence in the incidence rate of hypospadias in many countries. The cause of most cases of hypospadias is unclear. The relating studies showed that the pathogenies of hypospadias were related to genetic factors and environmental factors.Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that parents working in areas of high pesticide application are at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes such as infertility ,poor fertilization, fetal death and congenital abnomalies .Residential pesticide exposures and their effects on reproductive health or sexual mal-differentiation are less-well understood.In the recent years, a great deal of attentive has focused on the global presence of endocrine-disrupting contaminants in the environment .Atrazine(2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamine-1,3,5-triazine) is the most commonly used herbicide in the US and our country. The US Department of Agriculture reports that more than 30,000 tons are used annually in the US alone ,and currently Atrazine is used in more than 80 countries .It is applied to control weeds in corn and sorghum fields ,both prior to and following emergence ,As a result of this widespread use , Atrazine is the most frequently detected pesticide in ground and surface water ,Therefore ,humans and wildlife are at risk for exposure to Atrazine.Atrazine has also been reported to affect endocrine function in the male. Some scholars reported it can reduce production of testosterone in juvenile rats .Atrazine, a triazine herbicide marketed by Ciba-Geigy throughout the United Stated and our country, but was forbidded in Europen Union. It is unknown whether Atrazine can induce hypospadias in animal experiment. So we... |
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