Lung And Large Intestine "theory Based On Ancient Literature In Pediatric Research

As one of the original kernel theories, Viscera theory is one of the most important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine which have been guiding the clinical practice through the ages and have obtained good effects. The relationship between the exterior-interior visceras is one important part of the Viscera Manifestation theory. "The exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine" theory is a typical representative of the relationship."Ancient" refers to the feudal society and the time before-the long period of time before year 1911."Pediatric Literature" refers to the special literature and some books for special pediatric diseases."The exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine "is a concept of the Viscera Manifestation theory which reflects the exterior-interior relationship between the lung-one of the five visceras and the large intestine-one of the six bowels in TCM. According to the development of the theory of ancient pediatric works inliterature, we can divide it into four stages.Firstly, the formation of "the exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine "theory, which can be traced back to the period before the Tang and the five dynasties.The earliest records of Viscera theory can be seen in HuangdiNeijingSuwen ( Hereinafter to be referred to as Suwen).While there are no direct discusses on the two-two corresponding relations between the viscera and bowels, the relationship between obverse and reverse,yin and yang,exterior and interior,male and female had been mentioned in Suwen; the"Wujue"treatment in Suwen explicitly pointed out that lung diseases such as cough and asthma were owing to the large intestine meridian and the lung meridian. These have made clear that the lung and the large intestine are connected through meridians and collaterals without the help of the metaphor of the structure of the society and the inference of the mode of Five Phases.It had been systematically discussed that the viscera and bowels are one to one corresponding in Lingshu, including two discusses about the correspondence between the lung and the large intestine. According to the textual research of contemporary scholars and this article, this has something to do with the meridian and collateral theory.What's more, lung diseases can be cured by acupuncturing the Yang meridians of the hand which can be affirmed in the acupuncture practice. The scattered expression of the relationship between the lung and the large intestine can be found in the existing Sui and Tang dynasties's medical literature, as one of the important part of theory about the disease of five zang organs and six fu organs. In Zhubingyuanhoulun, it was concluded that "the lung is corresponded to the large intestine and the large intestine is one of the bowels which decides the exterior, the lung is one of the viscuses which decides the interior", which have layed the foundation for the later conclusion.In Qianjinyaofang, the lung and the intestine were combined to discuss its deficiency and excess,the diseases and the corresponding treatments of "the lung and the large intestine are both excess or deficiency" were recorded. At the same time, in Suwen, the way diseases transmits as longtime coughing would be transferred into the large intestine was brought into the visceral system.The prescription for excessive heat in the intestine or deficiency-cold recorded in WaitaiMiyaofang which was quoted from Shanfanfang indicated that the treatments that the lung and the intestine diseases can be cured together were emerging.Secondly,the application of "the exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine"theory in pediatrics,which apprared in Song,Jin,and Yuan period. From then on,the theory began to be widely applied into TCM Pediatrics.Taipingshenghuifang and Shengjizonglu, two of the large-scaled medical formula books compiled by the government in Song dynasty have some important contents about the lung and the large intestine which indicates that the" all the large intestine lung" theory can not only be used to explain the causes of some particular diseases, but also the clinical care.The drug therapy of regulating the intestine function to treat lung diseases and regulating the lung function to treat intestine diseases and treating the lung and the intestine together.ShengJiZongLu first put forward"the exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine" theory, and used it to explain the causes of bleeding hemorrhoid, which means the theory finally formed in Song dynasty. Along with the widely application of the theory, it had been adopted in the pediatric works in Song dynasty.The theory appeared again in Xiaoerweishengzongweilunfang in the Southern Song dynasty and had been used to explain the infantile feverish perspiration theory. Under the guidance of this theory, pediatrics could break the restrain of the location of diseases, search for the causes of diseases related with visceras, diagnosis and prescription, the theory contributed greatly to the use of drugs for pediatrics.Thirdly, the extension of treating pediatric disease category by using"the exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine"theory and the theoretical discussion mainly showed up in the Ming dynasty.The theory was used by doctors at that time to explain the pathomechanism of many diseases such as lung heat, rectocele, red-white dysentery, hemafecia, measles and malnutrition. "The exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine"theory almost took the place of the saying "the lung and the large intestine has exterior-interior relationship"which appeared in Song dynasty and was widely used by the later academic circles.In Ming dynasty, the application in pediatrics was mostly for guiding the clinical drug use, the diseases involved were mainly miscellaneous diseases, and most of these fell into large intestine fu-organ diseases such as hemafecia, rectocele, dysentery, diarrhea, constipation, some fell into lung diseases such as Mapifeng, cough, some both.The theory was used to discriminate the location, the etiological factor and the pathomechanism of diseases which provided the basis of choosing whether to treat from the lung or the large intestine firstly or together in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in pediatric in Ming dynasty, what's more, drugs which have the properties of both the lung and the large intestine were summarized in Ming dynasty for clinical use.Fourthly, the deepening of treating pediatric diseases and the medical case analysis mostly appeared in Qing dynasty when the theory was widely applied in pediatrics.In this period of time epidemic diseases raged on and most of the diseases did harm to children which led the theory to the widely application for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases.As indicated by such sayings as"blain comes from five zang organs, rash comes from six fu organs""rash is masterd by the large intestine" and moreover, measles invaded lung most.Thus,the theory was mostly applied to the treatment of measles.Besides, the record of application of the treatment of miscellaneous diseases through the theory in pediatric in Ming dynasty had increased greatly than that in Qing dynasty, but the diseases involved were mostly confined to the large intestine fu organ diseases which located in the lower parts of the body such as rectocele, dysentery, constipation and hemafecia.Only a few diseases belong to the lung diseases such as cough and lung heat asthma.Out of this we can see that the pediatric diseases suitable for the theory are mainly related to the large intestine fu organs.The large intestine played an important role in eliminating pathogenic factors as a chanel.So, simply clearing away the pathogenic heat of lung without relaxing the bowels is just like "killing a thief in a closed door".Research showed that the saying"the lung and the large intestine has an exterior-interior relationship" was first recorded in Lingshu in a way goes that"All the large intestine lung", which we can define as cooperation and parallelism or we can consider that the lung and the large intestine have certain complex relationship and were connected by their meridians as chanels.The "exterior and interior"comes from the statement of exterior-interior relationship between the yin and yang meridians in the theory of meridian and collateral, actually the relationship never exists when it comes to the anatomical structure.In actual use of the theory , the relationship was mostly seen as the communication of function and qi activities.They cooperate with each other physiologically which means the normal descent of lung-qi helps the transmission of the large intestine and vice versa.They influence each other pathologically , if the descent of lung-qi is out of order, body fluid can't be transferd to the underpart, or the weakness of the lung qi and its promotion all led to constipation and vice versa.Broadly speaking, "the exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine"theory has been extended to the lung system which includes skin and hair, throat, chest and nose and the large intestine system which includes large intestine and anus. They have close associations with each other in physiology and coordinate with each other in functions. The influence pathologically between the lung and the large intestine mainly shows in the following two ways, lung diseases spread to the large intestine and large intestine diseases spread to the lung.Four conclusions are drawn here in this research:1.The theory "exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine" gradually formed by the Tang and Five Dynasties.Its predecessor-"the visceras and the bowels are closely related to each other"theory was recorded in acupuncture and meridians literature like Lingshu and Suwen and was the product of the combination of the Viscus Manifestations theory and the meridian and collateral theory.Two descriptions were recorded in Lingshu on the theory that "the visceras and the bowels are closely related to each other"and had already been applied to diagnosis and acupuncture.Examples of curing the lung and the large intestine together emerged in the drug therapy in Sui and Tang dynasty.2.The theory "exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine" was used in pulse examination, medication and began to be applied to pediatric during Song-Jin-Yuan Dynasties.The theory was first put forward in Shengjizonglu and was used to explain the cause of internal hemorrhoids with massive bleeding.People began to explore the causes related to the visceras and bowels in pediatrics deeply and to use medicine dialectically in Song-Jin-Yuan Dynasties, which contributed greatly to pediatric therapy.3.Many physicians in Ming Dynasty tried to use the "'exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine" theory to explain the pathogenisis of many diseases such as the lung heat, rectocele, red-white dysentery, hemafecia, measles and malnutrition. The theory (by WangKentang) gradually became widely used by the later medical communities and have been guiding the clinical drug use for miscellaneous diseases in pediatrics since then.Its scope of application was much broader than that in Song-Jin-Yuan Dynasties. 4.Qing Dynasty is the flourishing period of the pulmonary intestinal-related theory. The main manifestation was that the theory was frequently used in pediatrics to treat diseases related to children. The "exterior-interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine" theory makes the large intestine a channel to eliminate pathogens, so as to avoid "killing a thief in a closed door".