| In our country peanut is an important oil and cash crops,and it is the second place after soybean in the world oil production and international trade.China's peanut acreage was 500 million hectares,which is more than 20% in the world's peanut acreage;peanut's average annual output is 14.385 million tons,which is more than 42% in the world's peanut production;annual export peanuts(kernels),peanut products are about 70 million tons,which is 47% in the world trade and is the frist in the world.Whether domestic or foreign, consumption or processing, or even planting, peanuts must be shelled.In other words,the processing capacity of peanut shelling is the peanut total.Shelling peanut and damaging peanut kernels is a complex process, which is restricted by many factors, such as physics characteristics, mechanical characteristics, variety, the degree and way of compressive stress.The traditional way to shell peanuts is by hand, although the way shelling peanuts by hand is in low efficiency, but this method can keep peanuts off damage, by the way this way can't work as large area to growing peanuts. The efficiency of peanuts huller is ten to fifteen times than that way. However peanuts huller can't keep peanuts off damage as that hand do, it damages peanuts on a high efficiency and the damaged peanuts is almost plump seed. Broken peanuts makes low price and harmful effect. Without the protect of shuck, it is easy to infect cancer toxins——peanuts'aflatoxin. the potential harm is made by broken peanuts. So the focal point is to invent a peanuts huller that can shell efficiently and damage peanuts few.Textual research content belongs to content of item "Research on Shelling-Damage Mechanism and Low-loss Shelling Technology of Peanut" (code:50775151) which is granted by national natural science fund.The major contents and conclusions of the paper are as follow:(1) Analyzing the peanut shelling theory and the shelling device's technology, in order to offer a theory evidence for manufacturing a new peanut shelling machine. First proposed by biophysical characteristics and the fatigue shelling principle of peanut. Finally determined the vertical cone sheller design.(2)Based on the analysis of biological characteristics of peanut, geometrical character, dimensional distributing, kilo-grain-weight and shell thickness were measured, and the relationship between some basic physical parameter and moisture content were analyzed, results indicated that triaxial size, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter were all increased with the increase of moisture content, and arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter and moisture content all have influence; the sphericity has little changed with different moisture content; the peanuts'average weight of Silihong is the larger than Huayu23', but the peanuts kernels'average weight of Huayu23 is the larger than Silihong'(3) Mechanical properties of peanut was analyzed with three factors random class treat experiment which chose variety, placed manner, moisture content as experimental factors, and the largest breaking force for peanut and peanut'seed as experimental index, and result indicated that variety,placed manner, moisture content all have influence. the breaking force will increase with the increase of moisture content; the shelling energy and the seed's breaking energy was the fatigue experiment was measured, and results indicated that variety,moisture content all have influence. Compare of all experiments showed that:the margin rate of peanut's breaking force and seed's breaking force is the greatest. Therefore the fatigue way is a better choice.(4)Mechanical properties of two varieties peanut under five different moisture content was done, for seeking the damage characteristics and the law of peanut. Results showed that moisture content has influence with breaking power, breaking deformation, and breaking energy, the breaking power were different under different varieties of peanut, different load-speeds and different compression positions; mechanical properties of two varieties peanut kernels under five different moisture content was done, for seeking the damage characteristics and the law of peanut kernels. Results showed that moisture content has influence with breaking power, breaking deformation, and breaking energy, the breaking power were different under different varieties of peanut kernels, different load-speeds and different compression positions;(5)After shelling the peanuts were selected according to the damage.The peanuts fragmentation process was analysed.The germination test of different degrees damage peanuts was did to find the germination and growth situation of different degrees damage peanuts.(6)Using fatigue shelling principle, design and development the total structure and shelling principle of vertical roller cone peanut sheller. And compared stress analysis of the vertical tapered roller peanut sheller and the horizontal peanut sheller. Obtained the feasibility of peanut shelling principle of the vertical roller cone.(7)On the peanuts shelling stress analysis of double-roller pneumatic circulating peanut sheller and a newly developed vertical tapered roller peanut sheller, the result showed that the horizontal peanut sheller working by beating a plate was the reason for the peanut damage; When the vertical peanut sheller was working, the force on peanuts was changed from the hiting into the squeezing rub, the injury rate of peanuts was reduced by the fatigue shelling principle,(8) In order to further study the peanut sheller, through the peanuts performance tests and results analysis, the regression model of the performance parameters of the vertical tapered roller peanut sheller-roller obliquity, shells gap, roller's speed, and shelling performance index was established. The interaction of the performance parameters and various parameters on the influence of shelling indicators were in-depth analysised.(9) Through the main performance parameters of the vertical tapered roller peanut sheller-roller obliquity, peanut species, roller's speed, shells gap were experimented the orthogonal test, and the result obtained the relationship between the performance parameters and the test index of the vertical tapered roller peanut sheller and the significance level and primary and secondary order of the affecting test index parameters were obtained. Finally get The optimum parameter combination of the deviceThis paper study showed that the developed vertical tapered roller peanut sheller was better than the double-roller pneumatic circulating peanut sheller. This paper has actual guiding significance for designing the peanut sheller, and further scientific guidance and theoretical basis were afford for researching the peanuts machinery. |
PDF Full Text Request