A Study On The History Of Chongqing Early-modern City Planning And Construction (1876-1949)

Among the Chinese cities in Early-modern times, Chongqing has an extremely important position and specificity, and it represents a special type of Early-modern Chinese cities:She has a long history; the mountain city with two rivers converge; located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; Early-modern opening port city; especially Chongqing was the wartime capital of the national government, the resistance rear area during the China's War of Resistance against Japan, the postwar "permanent capital" of national government. Nowadays, Chongqing is the central cities in western China, a municipality directly under the Central Government and so on.The research project belongs to the basic research of the history of Early-modern Chinese city planning, and is an individual case of city planning history in the research framework of Early-modern city planning history in China, which takes the historical evolution of city planning and construction of Chongqing in Early-modern times as the study object. On the basis of integrating Chongqing Early-modern city planning and its historical documents, combined with China and the Chongqing Early-modern social, political, and economic changes, the author defines the Early-modern period of the Chongqing city planning in the years1876-1949. From the perspective of city planning history, urban history, and history, the author divides the history of Early-modern city planning and construction in Chongqing into three stages, according to the characteristics of Chongqing Early-modern city planning and construction of it own development and evolution:the formation of the Early-modern city and the city modernization of exploration (1876-1921); the establishment of the Early-modern municipalization and the expansion of Early-modern city planning and construction (1921-1937); the city planning and construction in wartime, and the progress of the Early-modern city planning (1937-1949).According to several threads of Chongqing, i.e., from contracted port city to opening port city, from military to civil affairs, from the commercial port supervision to new municipalization, this thesis discusses the Early-modern urban evolution process of Chongqing before the war, in the wartime, and postwar; reveals the pattern of Chongqing Early-modern city planning starting from "new urban development to drive the transformation of the old city", the city planning development process of Chongqing "from external shocks introduced by the opening port to the regional planning, wartime contingency planning, and the overall planning after the city establishment", and the city planning characteristics of Chongqing from "the city planning administration to the air defense city planning, concepts introduction of Europe and United States city planning, Early-modern construction of villages, to city planning professionals". Through the inspection on the city planning activities of Chongqing in different historical periods, the Chongqing Early-modern city planning is regarded as typical and representative in the Early-modern city planning in China, mainly represented in following points:affected by both foreign municipal construction, and the new urban development planning and the old city transformation city planning by Chinese; combined with both regional planning, and the overall planning in the "Construction Plan Draft of Auxiliary Capital in Ten Years" produced by extensive application of the European and American Early-modern city planning theory; combined with both the passive city planning by the "Western impact reaction", and active city planning of the "integration of Chinese and Western construction" throughout the planning process; combined with both Early-modern roadism planning idea, and decentralization planning idea in the context of wartime; combined with both administrative city planning and ideal city planning.As historical research, this project not only enriches the content and type of research into the history of Early-modern Chinese city planning, but also helps to improve the system of Early-modern Chinese city planning history. This research has an important theoretical value and practical significance to accurately grasp the geographical imbalance of China's Early-modern city planning and development, the particularity of various cities and the historical gains and losses in Early-modern city planning.