Study On Major·Risk Source Leakage Mechanism And Emergency Sealing Technology

With the rapidly development of our country's economy and the deepening of reform and opening up, the coal chemical industry has made a high-speed development in past decades. In the industrial processes, the pressure vessels and storage areas, which store a lot of dangerous chemicals such as poisonous, harmful, inflammable and explosive matters. As a result of careless management of such chemicals, together with the ageing equipment and man-made destruction can easily cause ruptures of pressure vessels or pipes, and lead to leakage accidents. Therefore, there is an emerging need to apply the Modern design theory and method to research the hazard's leakage, and select appropriate sealing devices to avoid such leakage accidents. When in the worse case hazard leakage occurs, we can take emergency treatment quickly and effectively to reduce or eliminate the resulting damage.This thesis analyzes causes and affecting factors of possible leakages in hazard pipelines, tanks, as well as the leakages during the process of storage or transportation. The proposed method can locate the main leakage location in pipelines or pressure vessels. Furthermore, this thesis studies the mathematical models of significant hazard's leakages and establishes models of hazard's storage tanks and pipelines through three kinds of mathematical representations of medium flow leakage states. This thesis also analyzes seven main factors which affect the spreading of the leakages, researches fifteen types of mechanisms and conditions of leakage models, and establishes the dynamic model of the hazard pipeline. Through the CFD dynamics simulation of pipeline's fluid, the author makes theoretical evaluations of pipeline leakage's flow and pressure, and obtaines the variation of the inlet pressures in the case of main line pressure change with the same pipe length and different diameter of leakage's small hole. The author also presents the relationships between the average of total pressures and the change of leakage's size and variations of aperture leak's average pressure jump. Additionally the author puts forward specific performance indicators for sealing device' s working characteristic.Rapidly sealing device is a fast and effective new-type device. It is developes for some plugging device with low efficiency but high difficulty to adapt to the complex conditions and certain leakage state. This thesis carries on the detailed analysis for risk source pipeline inner wall diversion airbag which applies to plugging in case of pressure vessel leakage, the emergency sealing mouth guiding device, the pipeline leak sealing air bages, adaptive universal strong magnetic closure guiding device and mechanical structure of take pressure sealing device. When hazards pipe and tank fractures, cracks or leaks, the proposed framework can determine the appropriate method among the sealing method, the outer method and the magnetic pressure method as the main sealing method. It designs four kinds of new type of rapid sealing device, and adds new content for method library of hazards leakage's emergency treatment and disposal technology.This thesis studies the plugging experiment system, researches and develops the plugging experiment system in the situation of straight pipe leakage or hole leakage. Under the condition of straight pipe leakage and bent pipe leakage, with the experiment with sealed plugging device, outer sealing device and its improving device, we can see that, when sealing rubber sleeve's length in internal blocking increased20mm, the seal ring of air bag's outer circle increased5ring and the diameter of inflatable and diversion's hollow shaft cover increased24mm, the achieved plugging is quite effective. Maxinum sealing pressure increased almost45%; inflatable rubber bag band's length in external plugging device increased2m, airbag's appearance coated sealing convex circle, when winding circle number increased to3turns, the sealing pressure had more obvious improvement. The thesis then uses ANSYS to analyze the surface contact problems of two types of plugging devices and pipes, and validates the plugging device sealing performance in accordance with ecperimental results.Based on the above research, this thesis studies application of main hazard's multiple contingency of plugging technology and possible method library, and uses the figures to show the application of emergency amplatzer device in disposal platform, summarizes the eight main emergency closure tools, and uses maps to show the practical application of plugging tool in occurance of hazard straight bending pipeline, pipeline connecting flange and tand leakage. The presented work depicts a hazard emergency plugging method library's core design framework, summarizes in detail about the five types of typical hazards' main database modules such as physicochemical characteristics, classification and characteristics, point of dealing with leakage, sealing method and sealing tools. It also analyzes sixteen types of plugging methods and corresponding emergency implanter device's disposal procedures. The proposed methods provide an important basis for leakage accident emergency's disposal. The presented research also provides important technical support for industrial safety in production and transportation during the system's normal operation.