Plateau Lake Basin Sustainable Development Theory And The Evaluation Model

The water problem grows more and more serious and it has become a multiple crisis and challenge of the coexistence of the four:the water resources, water environment, water ecology and water related disasters. And the scale of the problems already expanded from a local or parts of river reaches to its whole, impacting on a region and even on the whole globe. There is high ecological value of plateau freshwater lakes, so these lakes play an important supporting role in regional economic and social development; but the lake pollution and the ecological degradation have become increasingly prominent since 1990s. Consequently, the lake basins are facing a serious challenge in the sustainable development; therefore, protecting the plateau lakes and promoting sustainable development capacity of the plateau freshwater lakes basins has become an important issue, concerned by various circles of the society.On the account of the status quo of insufficient studies of the theories and their evaluations on the sustainable development of the lakeplateau basins, and in combination of the reality of the two-dimensional difficult situation of the social and economic development of the plateau lakes as well as their ecological protection, there are of high theoretical significance and practical value on theoretical research and their evaluation on the sustainable development of the plateau lake basins.The plateau lake basins with water as the core resources are of a composite system of the human and the land with hierarchy. And in their sustainable development, the water is the main body, the study scope is the whole basin and the research object is the composite system of the human and the nature in the whole basin; while the relationship and the proportionate development of the human and the nature would be studied, and the fair criterion between people should be fully considered. So the development of the human is to be considered on an even higher level. And the essence of sustainable development in plateau lake basins is mainly presented as the following:the sustainable development of the water resources as the premise, with prominence on coordinated development, and stressing on a fair principle. In this dissertation, Economics, Management, Ecology and other related theories are applied, a balancing mechanism of the sustainable development of the plateau lake basins is put forward based on an analysis of the factors of the sustainable development of the plateau lake basins. The sustainable development of the plateau lake basins is an equilibrium process among the three:the economic subsystem (Efficiency), the social subsystem (Fairness) and the ecological subsystem (sustainability), and an equilibrium process among their respective subsystem internals, and among intergenerations. It is a non-equilibrium development from a low-level equilibrium to a higher one, which determines the sustainable development process of the lake basins can only be a wavy or spiraling rise. For the sustainable development of the lake basins, it is necessary to take measures to improve the ecological supply, reduce the ecological demand, and to regulate and smooth the obstacles which may arise from the ecological and economic problems.The evaluation for a sustainable development is the premise in the process from its theoretical phase into the operational one. Constructing the evaluation indicators and criteria is helpful to evaluate the current development situation of lake basins, to predict the trend of their development and to take targeted measures, which will be in favor of the sustainable development of plateau lake basins. According to the essence of the sustainable development of plateau lake basins, an evaluation model of basin complex system based on the use of the water resources is proposed from the perspective of lake basins. By the using of integrated indicator system, the level of sustainable development of the plateau lake basins is measured from three aspects of sustainable degree, coordinated development degree and fair degree.The "sustainable degree" reflects the support level of the ecological subsystem to the economical subsystem and social subsystem, which will evaluate the long-term rationality of the development process. The" Coordinated development degree" reflects the development levels of the economic, social and ecological subsystems and the level of coordination among the three, which can measure the development levels of the complex system or the subsystems, and also reflects the harmony of the lake basin complex system. The "Fair degree" is to judge the impartial, fairness and the extent to meet the demand in the use of resources and in the process of social economic development of the lake area, which reflects the "common prosperity" level and the degree to overcome the differences between the rich and the poor, between the urban and the rural in the lake basins. The common role of the three:sustainable degree, coordinated development degree and fair degree, determines the sustainable development level of the complex system of the lake basin.By the empirical research on Fuxian Lake basin from 1995 to 2007, the conclusion showed that the ecological system was in a healthy condition, an excellent coordination was shown in the economic, social and ecological aspects, and the fair level continuously rose in Fuxian Lake basin. But the overall coordination was in a downward trend after 2001, especially as a result of the lagging of the ecological protection, the overall coordinated of the lake basin was affected. The water carrying capacity remained in an overload condition, starting from 2006.The Fair degree is still in a comparably lower level. Especially in recent years, the degrees of fairness and equality have declined, which has a direct impact on the lake basin's sustainable development. Water shortage and water deterioration will become the key factors to restrict the development of Fuxian Lake basin.The conclusion that fuxian lake basin is in a "weak sustainability" situation is identical with the same researches and with the reality of Fuxian Lake basin. The underlying cause of the situation of a "weak sustainable development" was the outcome of an interaction of the three:"market failure"," government failure" and "structural failure", which ultimately lead to the "mechanism failure".In order to enhance the sustainable development capacity of Fuxian Lake basin, the causes of the "mechanism failure" should be controlled or eliminated. The appropriate environmental economic measures should be used to influence the cost-benefit of economic entities so as to guide them to choose the behaviors and decision-makings favorable to the ecological environment. The overall development models of the sustainable development of the plateau lake basin are advanced which will guide the sustainable development of the lake basins. Finally, in combination of the actual situation, some measures are put forward.